False Claims Act of 1863
E250311
The False Claims Act of 1863 is a U.S. federal law, originally enacted during the Civil War, that allows the government and private whistleblowers to pursue civil actions against individuals and companies defrauding government programs.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| False Claims Act of 1863 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2259597 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: False Claims Act of 1863 Context triple: [False Claims Amendments Act of 1986, amends, False Claims Act of 1863]
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A.
False Claims Amendments Act of 1986
The False Claims Amendments Act of 1986 is a major U.S. federal law that strengthened the government’s ability to combat fraud against federal programs by expanding whistleblower (qui tam) provisions and increasing penalties for false claims.
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B.
Judiciary Act of 1870
The Judiciary Act of 1870 is a U.S. federal law that created the Department of Justice and centralized federal law enforcement and legal representation under the Attorney General.
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C.
Judiciary Act of 1891
The Judiciary Act of 1891 was a landmark U.S. federal statute that created the intermediate federal courts of appeals, significantly restructuring the federal judiciary and reducing the Supreme Court’s mandatory caseload.
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D.
Judiciary Act of 1869
The Judiciary Act of 1869 was a U.S. federal law that reorganized the federal judiciary by fixing the number of Supreme Court justices at nine and creating separate circuit judgeships, laying groundwork for later reforms like the Evarts Act.
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E.
Budget and Accounting Act of 1921
The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 is a landmark U.S. federal law that centralized the national budgeting process in the executive branch and established modern mechanisms for federal budget preparation and oversight.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: False Claims Act of 1863 Target entity description: The False Claims Act of 1863 is a U.S. federal law, originally enacted during the Civil War, that allows the government and private whistleblowers to pursue civil actions against individuals and companies defrauding government programs.
-
A.
False Claims Amendments Act of 1986
The False Claims Amendments Act of 1986 is a major U.S. federal law that strengthened the government’s ability to combat fraud against federal programs by expanding whistleblower (qui tam) provisions and increasing penalties for false claims.
-
B.
Judiciary Act of 1870
The Judiciary Act of 1870 is a U.S. federal law that created the Department of Justice and centralized federal law enforcement and legal representation under the Attorney General.
-
C.
Judiciary Act of 1891
The Judiciary Act of 1891 was a landmark U.S. federal statute that created the intermediate federal courts of appeals, significantly restructuring the federal judiciary and reducing the Supreme Court’s mandatory caseload.
-
D.
Judiciary Act of 1869
The Judiciary Act of 1869 was a U.S. federal law that reorganized the federal judiciary by fixing the number of Supreme Court justices at nine and creating separate circuit judgeships, laying groundwork for later reforms like the Evarts Act.
-
E.
Budget and Accounting Act of 1921
The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 is a landmark U.S. federal law that centralized the national budgeting process in the executive branch and established modern mechanisms for federal budget preparation and oversight.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (45)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States federal statute
ⓘ
anti-fraud law ⓘ whistleblower protection law ⓘ |
| allows |
civil actions against companies defrauding government programs
ⓘ
civil actions against individuals defrauding government programs ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Lincoln Law ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
contractors doing business with the United States government
ⓘ
recipients of federal funds ⓘ subcontractors on federal projects ⓘ |
| authorizes | private individuals to sue on behalf of the United States ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| enactedIn | American Civil War ⓘ |
| enactmentDate | 1863 ⓘ |
| enforcedBy |
United States Attorneys
ⓘ
United States Department of Justice ⓘ |
| enforcedThrough | civil litigation in federal courts ⓘ |
| enforcementMechanism | civil liability ⓘ |
| historicalContext | enacted to address fraud by Civil War military suppliers ⓘ |
| influenced |
modern whistleblower reward statutes
ⓘ
state-level false claims acts ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
|
| legalArea |
defense procurement fraud enforcement
ⓘ
government contracts law ⓘ health care fraud enforcement ⓘ |
| penaltiesInclude |
civil monetary penalties per false claim
ⓘ
treble damages ⓘ |
| policyGoal |
deter fraud against federal programs
ⓘ
encourage insiders to report fraud ⓘ protect the federal treasury from fraudulent claims ⓘ |
| primaryPurpose |
combat fraud against the United States government
ⓘ
recover government funds obtained by fraud ⓘ |
| provides | financial incentives for whistleblowers ⓘ |
| providesFor |
government intervention in qui tam suits
ⓘ
government right to decline intervention while allowing relator to proceed ⓘ qui tam actions ⓘ whistleblower lawsuits on behalf of the government ⓘ |
| relatorDefinition | private whistleblower bringing suit in the name of the United States ⓘ |
| sponsoredBy | administration of President Abraham Lincoln ⓘ |
| targets |
false or fraudulent invoices to federal agencies
ⓘ
fraud in government contracts ⓘ fraud in government procurement ⓘ fraud in government programs ⓘ fraudulent claims for payment submitted to the United States government ⓘ |
| term | qui tam relator ⓘ |
| whistleblowerReward | percentage of funds recovered by the government ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: False Claims Act of 1863 Description of subject: The False Claims Act of 1863 is a U.S. federal law, originally enacted during the Civil War, that allows the government and private whistleblowers to pursue civil actions against individuals and companies defrauding government programs.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.