ALS
E24881
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.
All labels observed (6)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| ALS canonical | 9 |
| Lou Gehrig's disease | 2 |
| ALS foundations | 1 |
| ALS type 6 | 1 |
| ALS1 | 1 |
| Lou Gehrig’s disease | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T195391 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ALS Context triple: [Biogen, hasKeyTherapeuticArea, ALS]
-
A.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, and is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
-
B.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
C.
AAL
AAL is the ICAO airline designator used in aviation to identify American Airlines in flight operations and air traffic control.
-
D.
Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition on the autism spectrum characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication alongside focused interests and often average or above-average intelligence.
-
E.
SSA
SSA is the U.S. federal agency responsible for administering Social Security programs, including retirement, disability, and survivors benefits.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: ALS Target entity description: ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.
-
A.
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes, and is the most common cause of dementia in older adults.
-
B.
MCI-Shirley
MCI-Shirley is a medium- and minimum-security state prison for men located in Shirley, Massachusetts.
-
C.
AAL
AAL is the ICAO airline designator used in aviation to identify American Airlines in flight operations and air traffic control.
-
D.
Asperger syndrome
Asperger syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition on the autism spectrum characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication alongside focused interests and often average or above-average intelligence.
-
E.
SSA
SSA is the U.S. federal agency responsible for administering Social Security programs, including retirement, disability, and survivors benefits.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (68)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
motor neuron disease
ⓘ
neurodegenerative disease ⓘ progressive disease ⓘ |
| affects |
brain
ⓘ
lower motor neurons ⓘ spinal cord ⓘ upper motor neurons ⓘ voluntary muscles ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs | Lou Gehrig's disease ⓘ |
| associatedWithGene |
C9orf72
ⓘ
FUS ⓘ SOD1 ⓘ TARDBP ⓘ |
| canBeAssociatedWith | frontotemporal dementia ⓘ |
| canLeadTo |
complete paralysis
ⓘ
death from respiratory failure ⓘ |
| causes |
muscle atrophy
ⓘ
muscle weakness ⓘ paralysis ⓘ respiratory failure ⓘ spasticity ⓘ |
| diagnosedBy |
clinical evaluation
ⓘ
electromyography ⓘ exclusion of other conditions ⓘ nerve conduction studies ⓘ |
| doesNotTypicallyAffect |
bladder control early in disease
ⓘ
sensory neurons ⓘ |
| fullName | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ⓘ |
| hasCommonInitialPresentation |
asymmetric limb weakness
ⓘ
bulbar onset symptoms ⓘ |
| hasFamilialForm | familial ALS ⓘ |
| hasIncidence | about 1–2 per 100000 person-years ⓘ |
| hasMedianSurvival | 2–5 years after symptom onset ⓘ |
| hasNo | known cure ⓘ |
| hasPathology |
TDP-43 protein aggregates
ⓘ
corticospinal tract degeneration ⓘ degeneration of motor neurons ⓘ |
| hasPrevalence | about 4–6 per 100000 people ⓘ |
| hasRiskFactor |
certain genetic mutations
ⓘ
family history of ALS ⓘ male sex ⓘ older age ⓘ |
| hasSporadicForm | sporadic ALS ⓘ |
| hasSymptom |
difficulty walking
ⓘ
dysarthria ⓘ dysphagia ⓘ fasciculations ⓘ hand weakness ⓘ muscle cramps ⓘ shortness of breath ⓘ |
| hasTreatment |
edaravone
ⓘ
riluzole ⓘ supportive care ⓘ |
| hasTreatmentGoal |
maintain quality of life
ⓘ
slow disease progression ⓘ symptom management ⓘ |
| hasTypicalOnsetAge |
late adulthood
ⓘ
middle adulthood ⓘ |
| isClassifiedUnder |
335.20 (ICD-9-CM)
ⓘ
G12.21 (ICD-10) ⓘ G12.21 (ICD-10-CM) ⓘ |
| isRecognizedBy |
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
ⓘ
World Health Organization ⓘ |
| isSubsetOf | motor neuron diseases ⓘ |
| isUsually | fatal ⓘ |
| moreCommonIn | males ⓘ |
| proportionFamilial | 5–10 percent of cases ⓘ |
| proportionSporadic | 90–95 percent of cases ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: ALS Description of subject: ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure.
Referenced by (15)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Lou Gehrig's disease
this entity surface form:
ALS foundations
subject surface form:
Lou Gehrig
subject surface form:
Lou Gehrig
this entity surface form:
Lou Gehrig's disease
this entity surface form:
ALS1
this entity surface form:
ALS type 6
subject surface form:
Ice Bucket Challenge
this entity surface form:
Lou Gehrig’s disease