London Amendment
E247833
The London Amendment is a 1990 update to the Montreal Protocol that strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and tightening phase-out schedules.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| 1990 London Amendment | 1 |
| London Amendment canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T2242692 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: London Amendment Context triple: [Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, hasAmendment, London Amendment]
-
A.
Windsor Agreement
The Windsor Agreement is a post-Brexit deal between the United Kingdom and the European Union that revises the Northern Ireland Protocol to ease trade frictions while preserving an open border on the island of Ireland.
-
B.
Wormley Agreement
The Wormley Agreement refers to the informal political deal that resolved the disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election by granting Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
-
C.
Hague Revision Act
The Hague Revision Act is an international agreement that updated and amended the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property to modernize and harmonize global rules on industrial property rights.
-
D.
London Declaration of 1949
The London Declaration of 1949 was a pivotal agreement that reshaped the British Commonwealth into the modern Commonwealth of Nations by allowing republics to remain members while recognizing the British monarch as a symbolic Head of the Commonwealth.
-
E.
Entente Cordiale
The Entente Cordiale was a 1904 series of agreements that marked a historic diplomatic rapprochement between Britain and France, helping to reshape European alliances before World War I.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: London Amendment Target entity description: The London Amendment is a 1990 update to the Montreal Protocol that strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and tightening phase-out schedules.
-
A.
Windsor Agreement
The Windsor Agreement is a post-Brexit deal between the United Kingdom and the European Union that revises the Northern Ireland Protocol to ease trade frictions while preserving an open border on the island of Ireland.
-
B.
Wormley Agreement
The Wormley Agreement refers to the informal political deal that resolved the disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election by granting Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction.
-
C.
Hague Revision Act
The Hague Revision Act is an international agreement that updated and amended the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property to modernize and harmonize global rules on industrial property rights.
-
D.
London Declaration of 1949
The London Declaration of 1949 was a pivotal agreement that reshaped the British Commonwealth into the modern Commonwealth of Nations by allowing republics to remain members while recognizing the British monarch as a symbolic Head of the Commonwealth.
-
E.
Entente Cordiale
The Entente Cordiale was a 1904 series of agreements that marked a historic diplomatic rapprochement between Britain and France, helping to reshape European alliances before World War I.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (43)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
environmental treaty amendment
ⓘ
international agreement ⓘ |
| adoptedAt |
Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
ⓘ
surface form:
Second Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
|
| aimsTo | assist developing countries in phasing out ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
consumption of ozone-depleting substances
ⓘ
production of ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| buildsOn | Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer ⓘ |
| dateAdopted | 1990-06-29 ⓘ |
| enteredIntoForce | 1992-08-10 ⓘ |
| establishes |
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol
ⓘ
financial mechanism under the Montreal Protocol ⓘ |
| expandsRegulationTo |
additional chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
ⓘ
carbon tetrachloride ⓘ methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) ⓘ |
| followedBy |
Copenhagen Amendment
ⓘ
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer ⓘ
surface form:
Montreal Protocol Copenhagen Amendment of 1992
|
| follows | original Montreal Protocol of 1987 ⓘ |
| hasCategory |
climate and atmospheric protection agreement
ⓘ
environmental law ⓘ |
| hasEffectOn |
global phase-out timelines for CFCs
ⓘ
global phase-out timelines for carbon tetrachloride ⓘ global phase-out timelines for methyl chloroform ⓘ |
| hasPurpose |
protect the stratospheric ozone layer
ⓘ
strengthen controls on ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| language |
Arabic
ⓘ
Chinese ⓘ English ⓘ French ⓘ Russian ⓘ Spanish ⓘ |
| legalBasisOf |
controls on carbon tetrachloride
ⓘ
controls on methyl chloroform ⓘ stricter consumption controls on CFCs ⓘ stricter production controls on CFCs ⓘ |
| negotiatedUnder | United Nations Environment Programme ⓘ |
| partOf |
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
ⓘ
surface form:
Montreal Protocol
|
| placeAdopted |
London, England
ⓘ
surface form:
London
|
| relatesTo |
ozone layer depletion
ⓘ
stratospheric ozone protection ⓘ |
| subjectOf |
international environmental law scholarship
ⓘ
ozone regime compliance studies ⓘ |
| tightens | phase-out schedules for ozone-depleting substances ⓘ |
| yearAdopted | 1990 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: London Amendment Description of subject: The London Amendment is a 1990 update to the Montreal Protocol that strengthened global controls on ozone-depleting substances by expanding the list of regulated chemicals and tightening phase-out schedules.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
1990 London Amendment