SPS
E24487
SPS is a high-energy circular particle accelerator at CERN that serves as a key injector for the Large Hadron Collider and supports a wide range of physics experiments.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| SPS canonical | 4 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T192237 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SPS Context triple: [Super Proton Synchrotron, alsoKnownAs, SPS]
-
A.
SPC
The Pacific Community (SPC) is a principal scientific and technical intergovernmental organization that supports sustainable development and regional cooperation among Pacific Island countries and territories.
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B.
PS
PS is the two-letter ISO 3166 country code assigned to the State of Palestine, used in international standards and country designation.
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C.
PS
PS is a major Portuguese political party traditionally associated with social democracy and center-left policies.
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D.
SCS
SCS is Carnegie Mellon University's renowned School of Computer Science, recognized globally for pioneering research and education in computing and related fields.
-
E.
S
S is the distinctive middle initial of U.S. President Harry S. Truman, famously not standing for any specific name but honoring both of his grandfathers.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: SPS Target entity description: SPS is a high-energy circular particle accelerator at CERN that serves as a key injector for the Large Hadron Collider and supports a wide range of physics experiments.
-
A.
SPC
The Pacific Community (SPC) is a principal scientific and technical intergovernmental organization that supports sustainable development and regional cooperation among Pacific Island countries and territories.
-
B.
PS
PS is the two-letter ISO 3166 country code assigned to the State of Palestine, used in international standards and country designation.
-
C.
PS
PS is a major Portuguese political party traditionally associated with social democracy and center-left policies.
-
D.
SCS
SCS is Carnegie Mellon University's renowned School of Computer Science, recognized globally for pioneering research and education in computing and related fields.
-
E.
S
S is the distinctive middle initial of U.S. President Harry S. Truman, famously not standing for any specific name but honoring both of his grandfathers.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
CERN accelerator complex component
ⓘ
circular particle accelerator ⓘ injector accelerator ⓘ synchrotron ⓘ |
| abbreviation | SPS self-linksurface differs ⓘ |
| accelerates |
electrons
ⓘ
heavy ions ⓘ positrons ⓘ protons ⓘ |
| beamEnergyUnit | gigaelectronvolts (GeV) ⓘ |
| circumference | approximately 6.9 km ⓘ |
| constructionStartDate | 1971 ⓘ |
| country | Switzerland ⓘ |
| designedBy | CERN engineers and physicists ⓘ |
| designEnergy | 400 GeV ⓘ |
| energyRange | up to several hundred GeV ⓘ |
| feeds |
LHC experiments
ⓘ
fixed-target experimental areas at CERN ⓘ |
| firstBeamYear | 1976 ⓘ |
| fullName | Super Proton Synchrotron ⓘ |
| hasBeamType |
high-energy ion beams
ⓘ
high-intensity proton beams ⓘ |
| hasRole | key injector for the Large Hadron Collider ⓘ |
| hasTunnel | underground circular tunnel ⓘ |
| historicalRole | former highest-energy proton accelerator in the world ⓘ |
| injectsInto |
Large Hadron Collider
ⓘ
surface form:
LHC
|
| locatedIn |
Meyrin
ⓘ
surface form:
Meyrin, Switzerland
|
| location | CERN ⓘ |
| maximumProtonEnergy | 450 GeV ⓘ |
| notableUse |
injector for SPS-to-LHC proton chain
ⓘ
source for neutrino beams to experiments outside CERN (historically) ⓘ |
| operator | CERN ⓘ |
| ownedBy | CERN ⓘ |
| partOf | CERN accelerator complex ⓘ |
| precedesInChain | Large Hadron Collider ⓘ |
| primaryFunction | injector for the Large Hadron Collider ⓘ |
| region |
Geneva metropolitan area
ⓘ
surface form:
Geneva area
|
| servesAsInjectorTo | Large Hadron Collider ⓘ |
| shape | circular ⓘ |
| status | operational ⓘ |
| supports |
a wide range of physics experiments
ⓘ
fixed-target experiments ⓘ neutrino experiments ⓘ test-beam experiments ⓘ |
| technology | synchrotron magnet lattice ⓘ |
| usedFor |
accelerator physics studies
ⓘ
detector testing ⓘ particle physics research ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: SPS Description of subject: SPS is a high-energy circular particle accelerator at CERN that serves as a key injector for the Large Hadron Collider and supports a wide range of physics experiments.
Referenced by (4)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Super Proton Synchrotron