Executive Order 9981
E23955
Executive Order 9981 was a landmark 1948 directive by U.S. President Harry S. Truman that ordered the desegregation of the American armed forces and advanced civil rights for Black Americans.
Observed surface forms (1)
| Surface form | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Truman desegregation order | 1 |
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
United States executive order
ⓘ
legal document ⓘ |
| aimedAt | ending racial segregation in the U.S. military ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Executive Order 9981
ⓘ
surface form:
Truman desegregation order
|
| appliesTo |
United States National Guard
ⓘ
surface form:
National Guard units in federal service
United States Air Force ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Air Force
United States Army ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Army
United States Marine Corps ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Marine Corps
United States Navy ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Navy
United States Armed Forces ⓘ |
| appliesToCharacteristic |
color
ⓘ
national origin ⓘ race ⓘ religion ⓘ |
| country | United States of America ⓘ |
| dateSigned | 1948-07-26 ⓘ |
| established | President's Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services ⓘ |
| hasEffect |
accelerated dismantling of segregated military units
ⓘ
formal commitment to integrate U.S. armed forces ⓘ influenced later civil rights legislation ⓘ strengthened federal role in civil rights ⓘ |
| hasJurisdiction |
United States government
ⓘ
surface form:
federal government of the United States
|
| hasOrderNumber | 9981 ⓘ |
| historicalPeriod |
early Cold War
ⓘ
post–World War II era ⓘ |
| issuedByOffice | President of the United States ⓘ |
| language | English ⓘ |
| legalDomain |
civil rights law
ⓘ
military law ⓘ |
| legalStatus | in force at time of issuance ⓘ |
| locationSigned | Washington, D.C. ⓘ |
| motivatedBy |
African American veterans' demands for equality
ⓘ
contradiction between fighting fascism abroad and segregation at home ⓘ pressure from civil rights organizations ⓘ |
| policyType |
civil rights policy
ⓘ
military policy ⓘ |
| precededBy | Executive Order 8802 ⓘ |
| presidentialAdministration | Truman administration ⓘ |
| principleDeclared | equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
African-American history
ⓘ
American civil rights movement ⓘ
surface form:
Civil Rights Movement
desegregation in the United States ⓘ |
| signatoryParty | Executive Office of the President of the United States ⓘ |
| signedBy |
President Harry S. Truman
ⓘ
surface form:
Harry S. Truman
|
| subject |
civil rights of African Americans
ⓘ
desegregation of the United States Armed Forces ⓘ |
| yearSigned | 1948 ⓘ |
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Truman desegregation order
subject surface form:
To Secure These Rights