Manabe–Wetherald climate model
E181508
The Manabe–Wetherald climate model is a pioneering one-dimensional radiative–convective model that first quantified how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide affects Earth’s temperature and vertical temperature profile.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Manabe–Wetherald climate model canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1593930 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manabe–Wetherald climate model Context triple: [Syukuro Manabe, notableWork, Manabe–Wetherald climate model]
-
A.
Goddard Earth Observing System models
The Goddard Earth Observing System models are a suite of advanced atmospheric and Earth system models used for global weather, climate, and data assimilation research and forecasting.
-
B.
Global Data-processing and Forecasting System
The Global Data-processing and Forecasting System is an international meteorological infrastructure that collects, processes, and distributes weather and climate data to support global forecasting and early warning services.
-
C.
Bjerknes compensation
Bjerknes compensation is a climate science concept describing how changes in ocean heat transport tend to be offset by opposite changes in atmospheric heat transport, helping stabilize the total poleward energy flux.
-
D.
Global Climate Observing System
The Global Climate Observing System is an international program that coordinates and supports comprehensive, long-term observations of the Earth’s climate system to underpin climate research, services, and policy.
-
E.
Eocene–Oligocene climate transition
The Eocene–Oligocene climate transition was a major global cooling event around 34 million years ago that marked the shift from a greenhouse to an icehouse Earth, including the formation of large Antarctic ice sheets.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Manabe–Wetherald climate model Target entity description: The Manabe–Wetherald climate model is a pioneering one-dimensional radiative–convective model that first quantified how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide affects Earth’s temperature and vertical temperature profile.
-
A.
Goddard Earth Observing System models
The Goddard Earth Observing System models are a suite of advanced atmospheric and Earth system models used for global weather, climate, and data assimilation research and forecasting.
-
B.
Global Data-processing and Forecasting System
The Global Data-processing and Forecasting System is an international meteorological infrastructure that collects, processes, and distributes weather and climate data to support global forecasting and early warning services.
-
C.
Bjerknes compensation
Bjerknes compensation is a climate science concept describing how changes in ocean heat transport tend to be offset by opposite changes in atmospheric heat transport, helping stabilize the total poleward energy flux.
-
D.
Global Climate Observing System
The Global Climate Observing System is an international program that coordinates and supports comprehensive, long-term observations of the Earth’s climate system to underpin climate research, services, and policy.
-
E.
Eocene–Oligocene climate transition
The Eocene–Oligocene climate transition was a major global cooling event around 34 million years ago that marked the shift from a greenhouse to an icehouse Earth, including the formation of large Antarctic ice sheets.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (51)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
climate model
ⓘ
one-dimensional climate model ⓘ radiative–convective model ⓘ |
| assumption |
fixed relative humidity in much of the troposphere
ⓘ
one-dimensional vertical column atmosphere ⓘ parameterized convection to maintain a lapse rate ⓘ radiative–convective equilibrium in the troposphere ⓘ |
| atmosphericComponent |
stratosphere
ⓘ
troposphere ⓘ |
| countryOfDevelopment |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| developer |
Richard T. Wetherald
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Syukuro Manabe ⓘ |
| dimension | one-dimensional ⓘ |
| field |
atmospheric science
ⓘ
climate physics ⓘ climatology ⓘ |
| focus |
climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide
ⓘ
surface temperature response to greenhouse gases ⓘ vertical temperature profile of Earth’s atmosphere ⓘ |
| influenced |
development of simplified energy balance models
ⓘ
later general circulation models of climate ⓘ subsequent studies of climate sensitivity ⓘ |
| inputParameter |
atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
ⓘ
cloud properties ⓘ solar constant ⓘ water vapor distribution ⓘ |
| institution |
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
ⓘ
Princeton University ⓘ National Weather Service ⓘ
surface form:
U.S. Weather Bureau
|
| notableFor |
establishing vertical structure of temperature response to CO2 increase
ⓘ
first quantitative estimate of warming from increased CO2 using a radiative–convective model ⓘ pioneering study of greenhouse effect on Earth’s climate ⓘ |
| output |
outgoing longwave radiation
ⓘ
radiative fluxes ⓘ surface air temperature ⓘ vertical temperature profile ⓘ |
| primaryProcessRepresented |
convection
ⓘ
radiative transfer ⓘ radiative–convective equilibrium ⓘ |
| publicationVenue | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ⓘ |
| publicationYear | 1967 ⓘ |
| relatedTo |
climate sensitivity
ⓘ
greenhouse effect ⓘ radiative forcing ⓘ vertical lapse rate ⓘ water vapor feedback ⓘ |
| spatialRepresentation | globally averaged atmosphere ⓘ |
| timeScale | equilibrium climate response ⓘ |
| uses |
convective adjustment scheme
ⓘ
infrared radiative transfer calculations ⓘ shortwave radiative transfer calculations ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Manabe–Wetherald climate model Description of subject: The Manabe–Wetherald climate model is a pioneering one-dimensional radiative–convective model that first quantified how increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide affects Earth’s temperature and vertical temperature profile.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.