Probabilistic Encryption
E17287
Probabilistic Encryption is a cryptographic technique that uses randomness in the encryption process so that the same message encrypts to different ciphertexts, enhancing security against attackers.
Aliases (1)
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cryptographic technique
→
encryption scheme → |
| aimsTo |
enhance security
→
|
| canAchieve |
IND-CPA security
→
|
| canBeBuiltFrom |
one-way functions with hard-core predicates
→
trapdoor permutations → |
| contrastsWith |
deterministic encryption
→
|
| enables |
indistinguishability of ciphertexts
→
|
| goal |
make ciphertexts reveal no partial information about plaintext
→
|
| hasAdvantage |
hides equality of plaintexts
→
prevents dictionary attacks based on deterministic ciphertexts → |
| hasConstraint |
randomness must be unpredictable to attackers
→
|
| hasProperty |
non-deterministic encryption
→
same key and message can yield many possible ciphertexts → same plaintext can yield different ciphertexts → |
| hasSecurityNotion |
IND-CPA
→
|
| implies |
ciphertexts are not uniquely determined by plaintext
→
|
| improves |
semantic security
→
|
| isBasedOn |
probability theory
→
|
| isComponentOf |
many standardized encryption schemes
→
|
| isDefinedIn |
modern cryptography
→
|
| isGeneralizationOf |
randomized padding in RSA-OAEP
→
|
| isRelatedTo |
indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack
→
probabilistic public-key encryption → randomized encryption → semantic security → |
| isUsedFor |
encrypting sensitive data
→
public-key based key encapsulation → secure communication → |
| isUsedIn |
CCA-secure public-key schemes
→
ElGamal encryption → RSA-OAEP → hybrid encryption schemes → public-key encryption schemes → symmetric-key encryption schemes → |
| mayUse |
random initialization vectors
→
random nonces → random padding → |
| protectsAgainst |
chosen-plaintext attacks
→
ciphertext-only attacks → |
| requires |
decryption algorithm that ignores randomness
→
high-quality randomness source → random bits during encryption → |
| uses |
randomness
→
|
| wasFormalizedBy |
Shafi Goldwasser
→
Silvio Micali → |
| wasFormalizedIn |
1980s
→
|
Referenced by (2)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Probabilistic Encryption
("ElGamal encryption")
→
|
isUsedIn |
|
Shafi Goldwasser
→
|
notableWork |