Back-to-Africa movement

E167549

Pan-Africanist movement political movement social movement

The Back-to-Africa movement was a political and social campaign, most prominently led by Marcus Garvey in the early 20th century, advocating for people of African descent in the Americas and elsewhere to return to and build a sovereign future in Africa.

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All labels observed (3)

Label	Occurrences
Back-to-Africa movement canonical	5
Repatriation to Africa movement	1
Return-to-Africa movement	1

Statements (49)

Predicate	Object
instanceOf	Pan-Africanist movement ⓘ political movement ⓘ social movement ⓘ
aimsTo	encourage people of African descent to return to Africa ⓘ establish sovereign Black-controlled territories in Africa ⓘ promote Black self-determination ⓘ
associatedWithCountry	Jamaica ⓘ Liberia ⓘ Sierra Leone ⓘ United States of America ⓘ surface form: United States
associatedWithEthnicGroup	Black Americans ⓘ surface form: African Americans African diaspora ⓘ Afro-Caribbean people ⓘ surface form: Afro-Caribbeans
criticizedFor	logistical impracticality ⓘ romanticized view of Africa ⓘ
emergedInContextOf	Atlantic slave trade legacy ⓘ global European colonialism in Africa ⓘ racial segregation in the United States ⓘ
hasAlternativeName	Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ surface form: Repatriation to Africa movement Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ surface form: Return-to-Africa movement
hasIdeology	Black nationalism ⓘ Pan-Africanism ⓘ anti-colonialism ⓘ
hasMainProponent	Marcus Garvey ⓘ
influenced	Black nationalist movements in the United States ⓘ Liberian immigration policies toward African Americans ⓘ Pan-Africanism ⓘ surface form: Pan-African movement
influencedBy	Christian missionary movements in Africa ⓘ abolitionist colonization schemes ⓘ early 19th-century African American emigrationism ⓘ
keyConcept	Black pride ⓘ economic self-reliance ⓘ racial uplift ⓘ repatriation ⓘ
legacy	cultural reconnection with African heritage ⓘ inspiration for later Black nationalist groups ⓘ strengthening of Pan-African consciousness ⓘ
notableLeader	Marcus Garvey ⓘ
notableOrganization	Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League ⓘ surface form: African Communities League Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League ⓘ surface form: Universal Negro Improvement Association
opposedBy	many white political leaders in the United States ⓘ some African American integrationists ⓘ
peakActivity	1910s ⓘ 1920s ⓘ
relatedTo	Marcus Garvey ⓘ surface form: Garveyism Liberian colonization ⓘ Sierra Leone resettlement of freed slaves ⓘ
timePeriod	19th century ⓘ early 20th century ⓘ

Referenced by (7)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Marcus Garvey → movement → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League → promotedConcept → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

Black Star Line → associatedWith → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

Back-to-Africa movement → hasAlternativeName → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

this entity surface form: Return-to-Africa movement

Back-to-Africa movement → hasAlternativeName → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

this entity surface form: Repatriation to Africa movement

Negro World newspaper → ideologyPromoted → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ

subject surface form: Negro World

Americo-Liberian settlers → relatedConcept → Back-to-Africa movement ⓘ