Council of Carthage (418)
E16106
The Council of Carthage (418) was a North African church synod that played a key role in condemning Pelagianism and shaping Western Christian doctrine on sin and grace.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Council of Carthage (418) canonical | 5 |
| Council of Carthage | 1 |
| Council of Carthage (419) | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T62667 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Council of Carthage (418) Context triple: [Original sin, affirmedByCouncil, Council of Carthage (418)]
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A.
First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a pivotal 4th-century Christian ecumenical council that defined core doctrines such as the divinity of Christ and produced the original Nicene Creed.
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B.
Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon was a pivotal 5th-century ecumenical council that defined orthodox Christology by affirming Christ as one person in two distinct natures, fully divine and fully human.
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C.
First Council of Constantinople
The First Council of Constantinople was the second ecumenical council of the Christian Church, held in 381, which expanded the Nicene Creed and clarified Trinitarian doctrine against Arian and other heresies.
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D.
Second Council of Nicaea
The Second Council of Nicaea was the seventh ecumenical council of the Christian Church, held in 787, best known for restoring the veneration of icons and condemning iconoclasm.
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E.
Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a major 5th-century ecumenical council of the Christian Church that condemned Nestorianism and affirmed the Virgin Mary as Theotokos (God-bearer).
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Council of Carthage (418) Target entity description: The Council of Carthage (418) was a North African church synod that played a key role in condemning Pelagianism and shaping Western Christian doctrine on sin and grace.
-
A.
First Council of Nicaea
The First Council of Nicaea was a pivotal 4th-century Christian ecumenical council that defined core doctrines such as the divinity of Christ and produced the original Nicene Creed.
-
B.
Council of Chalcedon
The Council of Chalcedon was a pivotal 5th-century ecumenical council that defined orthodox Christology by affirming Christ as one person in two distinct natures, fully divine and fully human.
-
C.
First Council of Constantinople
The First Council of Constantinople was the second ecumenical council of the Christian Church, held in 381, which expanded the Nicene Creed and clarified Trinitarian doctrine against Arian and other heresies.
-
D.
Second Council of Nicaea
The Second Council of Nicaea was the seventh ecumenical council of the Christian Church, held in 787, best known for restoring the veneration of icons and condemning iconoclasm.
-
E.
Council of Ephesus
The Council of Ephesus was a major 5th-century ecumenical council of the Christian Church that condemned Nestorianism and affirmed the Virgin Mary as Theotokos (God-bearer).
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Christian council
ⓘ
North African church synod ⓘ church council ⓘ synod ⓘ |
| affirmed |
doctrine of original sin inherited from Adam
ⓘ
necessity of infant baptism for remission of sins ⓘ necessity of interior grace for every good act ⓘ priority of divine grace over human will in salvation ⓘ |
| approvedBy | Pope Zosimus ⓘ |
| century | 5th century ⓘ |
| churchTradition |
Latin Rite
ⓘ
surface form:
Latin Church
|
| condemned |
Caelestius
ⓘ
Pelagianism ⓘ Pelagius ⓘ |
| confession | Christianity ⓘ |
| country | Western Roman Empire ⓘ |
| date | 418 ⓘ |
| denomination |
Roman Catholicism
ⓘ
surface form:
Catholic Church
|
| doctrineConcerned |
baptism of infants
ⓘ
divine grace ⓘ human free will ⓘ original sin ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance |
important for development of Western doctrines of grace and original sin
ⓘ
key stage in official condemnation of Pelagianism ⓘ |
| influenced |
Second Council of Orange
ⓘ
Western Christian doctrine on grace ⓘ Western Christian doctrine on sin ⓘ later anti-Pelagian councils ⓘ |
| influencedBy | Augustine of Hippo ⓘ |
| issued | canons against Pelagian teachings ⓘ |
| language | Latin ⓘ |
| locatedIn |
North Africa
ⓘ
Africa Proconsularis ⓘ
surface form:
Roman Africa
|
| location | Carthage ⓘ |
| mainTopic |
Pelagianism
ⓘ
doctrine of grace ⓘ doctrine of sin ⓘ |
| numberOfCanons | 8 ⓘ |
| organizedBy | bishops of North Africa ⓘ |
| partOf |
Latin Rite
ⓘ
surface form:
Latin Church
Western Christianity ⓘ |
| presidedBy | Aurelius of Carthage ⓘ |
| recognizedBy |
Holy See
ⓘ
surface form:
Roman See
|
| rejected |
claim that grace is only external teaching or example
ⓘ
denial of original sin ⓘ view that human nature can avoid sin without grace ⓘ |
| result | condemnation of Pelagianism ⓘ |
| theologicalContext | Augustinian theology of grace ⓘ |
| year | 418 ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Council of Carthage (418) Description of subject: The Council of Carthage (418) was a North African church synod that played a key role in condemning Pelagianism and shaping Western Christian doctrine on sin and grace.
Referenced by (7)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Council of Carthage
this entity surface form:
Council of Carthage (419)