S.J.Res.45
E143505
S.J.Res.45 was the joint resolution passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 that authorized the use of military force against Iraq, leading to the Iraq War.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| S.J.Res.45 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1247928 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: S.J.Res.45 Context triple: [Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002, billNumberSenate, S.J.Res.45]
-
A.
H.J.Res.114
H.J.Res.114 is the 2002 joint resolution by the U.S. Congress that authorized the use of military force against Iraq, paving the way for the Iraq War.
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B.
House Resolution 658 of the 95th Congress
House Resolution 658 of the 95th Congress is the measure that formally established the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and defined its structure and authorities.
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C.
Nunn–Cohen Amendment
The Nunn–Cohen Amendment is a 1987 U.S. law that created a unified special operations command and funding authority, significantly strengthening and institutionalizing American special operations forces.
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D.
S.1790
S.1790 is the U.S. Senate bill that became the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, setting annual policies and funding levels for the Department of Defense and related national security programs.
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E.
Lee Resolution
The Lee Resolution was the 1776 proposal in the Second Continental Congress that called for the American colonies’ independence from Great Britain and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: S.J.Res.45 Target entity description: S.J.Res.45 was the joint resolution passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 that authorized the use of military force against Iraq, leading to the Iraq War.
-
A.
H.J.Res.114
H.J.Res.114 is the 2002 joint resolution by the U.S. Congress that authorized the use of military force against Iraq, paving the way for the Iraq War.
-
B.
House Resolution 658 of the 95th Congress
House Resolution 658 of the 95th Congress is the measure that formally established the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and defined its structure and authorities.
-
C.
Nunn–Cohen Amendment
The Nunn–Cohen Amendment is a 1987 U.S. law that created a unified special operations command and funding authority, significantly strengthening and institutionalizing American special operations forces.
-
D.
S.1790
S.1790 is the U.S. Senate bill that became the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, setting annual policies and funding levels for the Department of Defense and related national security programs.
-
E.
Lee Resolution
The Lee Resolution was the 1776 proposal in the Second Continental Congress that called for the American colonies’ independence from Great Britain and paved the way for the Declaration of Independence.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (48)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Authorization for Use of Military Force
ⓘ
United States congressional joint resolution ⓘ |
| authorizes | use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq ⓘ |
| authorizesPresident |
to enforce all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions regarding Iraq
ⓘ
to use the Armed Forces of the United States as he determines to be necessary and appropriate to defend U.S. national security against the continuing threat posed by Iraq ⓘ |
| becamePublicLaw | Public Law 107-243 ⓘ |
| congressNumber | 107th United States Congress ⓘ |
| containsFinding |
Iraq continued to possess and develop weapons of mass destruction
ⓘ
Iraq supported international terrorism ⓘ Iraq was in material breach of its obligations under United Nations Security Council resolutions ⓘ |
| country |
United States of America
ⓘ
surface form:
United States
|
| debatedIssue |
link between Iraq and terrorism
ⓘ
scope of presidential war powers ⓘ weapons of mass destruction in Iraq ⓘ |
| hasOfficialTitle | Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 ⓘ |
| historicalSignificance | primary domestic legal basis for the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq ⓘ |
| houseVote | 296-133 ⓘ |
| introducedBy | Tom Daschle ⓘ |
| introducedDate | 2002-10-02 ⓘ |
| introducedIn | United States Senate ⓘ |
| legalBasisFor | United States military action against Iraq in 2003 ⓘ |
| legalForm | joint resolution ⓘ |
| legislativeBody | United States Congress ⓘ |
| opposedBy | members of Congress concerned about preemptive war ⓘ |
| passedHouseDate | 2002-10-10 ⓘ |
| passedSenateDate | 2002-10-11 ⓘ |
| policyArea |
Armed Forces and national defense
ⓘ
Foreign policy ⓘ National security ⓘ |
| predecessor |
Iraq Liberation Act
ⓘ
surface form:
Iraq Liberation Act of 1998
|
| presentedToPresidentDate | 2002-10-16 ⓘ |
| publicLawNumber | 107-243 ⓘ |
| relatedConflict |
2003 invasion of Iraq
ⓘ
Iraq War ⓘ |
| relatedTo | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 ⓘ |
| requires |
periodic reports to Congress on status of efforts against Iraq
ⓘ
presidential determination and reporting to Congress before or soon after use of force ⓘ |
| senateVote | 77-23 ⓘ |
| shortTitle |
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
ⓘ
surface form:
Iraq Resolution
|
| signedBy | George W. Bush ⓘ |
| signedDate | 2002-10-16 ⓘ |
| sponsorChamber | Senate ⓘ |
| sponsorParty | Democratic Party ⓘ |
| statutesAtLargeCitation | 116 Stat. 1498 ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
ⓘ
surface form:
Use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq
|
| supportedBy |
Bush administration
ⓘ
surface form:
George W. Bush administration
|
| targetCountry | Iraq ⓘ |
| typeOfAuthorization | broad authorization for use of military force ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: S.J.Res.45 Description of subject: S.J.Res.45 was the joint resolution passed by the U.S. Congress in 2002 that authorized the use of military force against Iraq, leading to the Iraq War.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.