Sumatran elephant
E129465
The Sumatran elephant is a critically endangered subspecies of Asian elephant native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known for its relatively small size and significant role in tropical forest ecosystems.
All labels observed (3)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sumatran elephant canonical | 4 |
| Elephas | 3 |
| Elephas maximus | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T1071237 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sumatran elephant Context triple: [Gunung Leuser National Park, fauna, Sumatran elephant]
-
A.
Bornean pygmy elephant
The Bornean pygmy elephant is a small, forest-dwelling subspecies of Asian elephant native to Borneo, known for its relatively gentle temperament, long tail, and critically threatened status due to habitat loss and human conflict.
-
B.
Sumatran rhinoceros
The Sumatran rhinoceros is a critically endangered, small and hairy rhino species native to Southeast Asian forests, known as the most threatened of all living rhinoceroses.
-
C.
Javan rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is one of the world’s rarest and most endangered large mammals, a critically threatened rhino species now surviving only in a single population in Indonesia.
-
D.
Sumatran tiger
The Sumatran tiger is a critically endangered, small-bodied subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known for its dark, closely spaced stripes and unique adaptation to dense tropical forests.
-
E.
Bornean orangutan
The Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered great ape native to the rainforests of Borneo, known for its distinctive reddish-brown fur and highly intelligent, largely solitary arboreal lifestyle.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sumatran elephant Target entity description: The Sumatran elephant is a critically endangered subspecies of Asian elephant native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known for its relatively small size and significant role in tropical forest ecosystems.
-
A.
Bornean pygmy elephant
The Bornean pygmy elephant is a small, forest-dwelling subspecies of Asian elephant native to Borneo, known for its relatively gentle temperament, long tail, and critically threatened status due to habitat loss and human conflict.
-
B.
Sumatran rhinoceros
The Sumatran rhinoceros is a critically endangered, small and hairy rhino species native to Southeast Asian forests, known as the most threatened of all living rhinoceroses.
-
C.
Javan rhinoceros
The Javan rhinoceros is one of the world’s rarest and most endangered large mammals, a critically threatened rhino species now surviving only in a single population in Indonesia.
-
D.
Sumatran tiger
The Sumatran tiger is a critically endangered, small-bodied subspecies of tiger native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known for its dark, closely spaced stripes and unique adaptation to dense tropical forests.
-
E.
Bornean orangutan
The Bornean orangutan is a critically endangered great ape native to the rainforests of Borneo, known for its distinctive reddish-brown fur and highly intelligent, largely solitary arboreal lifestyle.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
mammal
ⓘ
megafauna ⓘ subspecies of Asian elephant ⓘ |
| activityPattern | diurnal and crepuscular ⓘ |
| averageShoulderHeight | approximately 2 to 3.2 meters ⓘ |
| bodyMass | smaller than other Asian elephant subspecies ⓘ |
| class | Mammalia ⓘ |
| conservationStatus | Critically Endangered ⓘ |
| conservationStatusSystem |
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
ⓘ
surface form:
IUCN Red List
|
| diet | herbivorous ⓘ |
| distribution | fragmented populations across Sumatra ⓘ |
| eats |
bark
ⓘ
fruits ⓘ grasses ⓘ leaves ⓘ |
| family | Elephantidae ⓘ |
| foundInEcosystem |
lowland forest
ⓘ
peat swamp forest ⓘ tropical rainforest ⓘ |
| genus |
Sumatran elephant
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Elephas
|
| gestationPeriod | about 18 to 22 months ⓘ |
| hasCharacteristic |
long trunk
ⓘ
relatively small ears compared to African elephants ⓘ tusks present in many males ⓘ |
| hasCommonName | Sumatran elephant self-link ⓘ |
| kingdom | Animalia ⓘ |
| lifespan | up to around 60 to 70 years in the wild ⓘ |
| nativeTo |
Indonesia
ⓘ
Sumatra ⓘ |
| order | Proboscidea ⓘ |
| parentTaxon | Asian elephant ⓘ |
| partOf |
Asian elephants
ⓘ
surface form:
Asian elephant species complex
|
| phylum | Chordata ⓘ |
| populationTrend | decreasing ⓘ |
| protectedBy | Indonesian law ⓘ |
| reproduction | viviparous ⓘ |
| roleInEcosystem |
keystone species
ⓘ
seed disperser ⓘ |
| scientificName | Elephas maximus sumatranus ⓘ |
| skinColor | grey ⓘ |
| socialStructure | matriarchal herds ⓘ |
| subjectOf | conservation programs in Sumatra ⓘ |
| taxonRank | subspecies ⓘ |
| threatenedBy |
deforestation
ⓘ
habitat loss ⓘ human–elephant conflict ⓘ poaching ⓘ |
| usesHabitat |
hill forest
ⓘ
riverine forest ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sumatran elephant Description of subject: The Sumatran elephant is a critically endangered subspecies of Asian elephant native to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, known for its relatively small size and significant role in tropical forest ecosystems.
Referenced by (8)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Elephas
this entity surface form:
Elephas
subject surface form:
Asian elephant
this entity surface form:
Elephas
subject surface form:
Asian elephant
this entity surface form:
Elephas maximus