Doctrine of Lapse

E12251

The Doctrine of Lapse was a controversial annexation policy used by the British East India Company in 19th-century India, allowing it to seize princely states without a direct male heir and significantly fueling resentment that led to the 1857 rebellion.


Statements (48)
Predicate Object
instanceOf British imperial policy
colonial annexation policy
aimedTo consolidate British power in India
annexedState Baghat
Jaitpur
Jhansi
Nagpur
Sambalpur
Satara
Udaipur (in present-day Chhattisgarh)
appliedBy British East India Company
appliedDuring 19th century
appliedIn India
associatedWithPerson James Andrew Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie
considered controversial
unpopular among Indian rulers
contributedTo causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
political resentment in India
criticizedBy Indian nationalists
Indian princes
criticizedFor disregarding adoption customs in Hindu law
undermining sovereignty of princely states
domain British Indian administration
colonial law
effect alienation of traditional elites
expansion of British-controlled territory
weakening of princely autonomy
endedBy Government of India Act 1858
endedWhen British Crown took direct control of India in 1858
formulatedUnder Lord Dalhousie
geographicScope princely states under British East India Company influence
hasLanguage English (official formulation)
historicalContext Company rule in India
inForceFrom 1848
inForceUntil 1858
justifiedAs doctrine of escheat
legacy symbol of colonial injustice in Indian historiography
legalBasis denial of recognition to adopted heirs of Indian princes
notAppliedTo Gwalior
Hyderabad
Kashmir
opposedBy Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi
perceivedAs instrument of aggressive imperialism
violation of traditional succession rights
principle princely state without a natural male heir would lapse to the Company
relatedToEvent Indian Rebellion of 1857
usedFor annexation of princely states
territorial expansion


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