Brutalism

E11042

Brutalism is an architectural style characterized by stark, geometric forms and extensive use of raw concrete, often conveying a monumental and utilitarian aesthetic.

All labels observed (5)

Label Occurrences
Brutalism canonical 40
Brutalist architecture 40
New Brutalism 4

How this entity was disambiguated

Statements (59)

Predicate Object
instanceOf architectural style
modernist architecture movement
designGoal functional clarity
honest expression of materials
socially oriented architecture
emergedInDecade 1950s
emergedInPeriod mid-20th century
hasCharacteristic emphasis on mass and volume
expressed structural elements
minimal ornamentation
monumental aesthetic
repetitive modular elements
rough surface textures
stark geometric forms
use of raw exposed concrete
utilitarian aesthetic
hasEtymology derived from French term béton brut meaning raw concrete
hasGeographicSpread Asia
Europe
Latin America
North America
hasMaterial brick
glass
reinforced concrete
steel
hasNotableExample Barbican Estate
surface form: Barbican Estate in London

Boston City Hall
Geisel Library at UC San Diego
Habitat 67
surface form: Habitat 67 in Montreal

National Theatre in London
Robin Hood Gardens in London
Trellick Tower in London
Unité d’Habitation, Marseille
surface form: Unité d’Habitation in Marseille

Yale School of Architecture building
surface form: Yale Art and Architecture Building
hasNotableProponent Alison Smithson
Denys Lasdun
Ernő Goldfinger
Kenzo Tange
Le Corbusier
Marcel Breuer
Paul Rudolph
Peter Smithson
hasPerception has been criticized as inhuman or oppressive
has been reappraised and appreciated by preservationists
often considered austere or harsh
isAssociatedWith cultural institutions
government buildings
post-war reconstruction
social housing
university campuses
urban renewal projects
isNamedAfter béton brut
relatedMovement Brutalism self-linksurface differs
surface form: New Brutalism
wasInfluencedBy International Style
Le Corbusier
Modernism
wasProminentIn 1950s
1960s
1970s

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (86)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

Alison Smithson influenced Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architects
Lake Anne Village Center hasArchitecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Oakland Museum of California architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Basil Spence movement Brutalism
Edward Knowles architecturalStyle Brutalism
subject surface form: Boston City Hall
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
New Classical architecture contrastsWith Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Hunter Museum of American Art hasArchitecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
The Brunswick Centre architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Civic Offices, Wood Quay, Dublin architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Gerhard Kallmann genre Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Queen Elizabeth Hall architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Hayward Gallery architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Eglinton West station style Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
UTS Tower architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Barbican architecturalStyle Brutalism
Reyner Banham fieldOfWork Brutalism
Reyner Banham movement Brutalism
Josep Lluís architecturalStyle Brutalism
subject surface form: Josep Lluís Sert
Alison and Peter Smithson movement Brutalism
this entity surface form: New Brutalism
Harry Weese architecturalStyle Brutalism
Église Saint-Pierre de Firminy style Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Snowdon designStyle Brutalism
subject surface form: Snowdon station
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Clorindo Testa movement Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture
Clorindo Testa style Brutalism
New Haven Coliseum architecturalStyle Brutalism
this entity surface form: Brutalist architecture