the twelve maids

E108672

The twelve maids are a chorus of servant girls in Margaret Atwood’s novella "The Penelopiad," whose collective voice offers a haunting, critical retelling of the events surrounding Odysseus’s return and their own execution.

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Label Occurrences
the twelve maids canonical 1

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Statements (46)

Predicate Object
instanceOf chorus
fictional character collective
literary character group
accuse Odysseus
Telemachus
appearsIn The Penelopiad
basedOn the twelve hanged maids in Homer’s Odyssey
contrastWith Odysseus’s heroic image
Penelope’s self-presentation
createdBy Margaret Atwood
dieBy hanging
executedByOrderOf Odysseus
firstPublicationContext The Penelopiad
surface form: The Penelopiad (2005) by Margaret Atwood
genreContext feminist revisionist mythmaking
myth retelling
languageOfWork English
literaryFormUsed ballads
burlesque
choral songs
courtroom drama pastiche
poems
medium novella
narrativeFunction alternative perspective on The Odyssey
chorus commenting on the main action
collective narrator
critical counterpoint to Odysseus’s story
perspectiveOnEvents subaltern
relatedWork Homer's Odyssey
surface form: The Odyssey
relationshipTo Penelope (nymph)
surface form: Penelope
roleInWork servant girls in Odysseus and Penelope’s household
setting Ithaca
socialStatus servants
slaves
symbolizes disposable female bodies
erased historical witnesses
exploited labor
themeRelation class oppression
gendered violence
justice and injustice
silenced voices in myth
victimhood and complicity
timePeriod mythic time of the Trojan War aftermath
tone accusatory
haunting
ironic
voiceType collective first-person plural voice

How these facts were elicited

Referenced by (1)

Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.

The Penelopiad mainCharacter the twelve maids