Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann
E1010198
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann honored his development of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules, which fundamentally explained and predicted the outcomes of pericyclic reactions in organic chemistry.
All labels observed (3)
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T12951923 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann Context triple: [Woodward–Hoffmann rules, recognizedBy, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann]
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A.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 was awarded for pioneering work in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures, revolutionizing X-ray crystallography and structural chemistry.
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B.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 is the annual chemistry award that was given to Robert Burns Woodward for his outstanding achievements in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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C.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 was awarded for pioneering work in organic chemistry, specifically the development of the Diels–Alder reaction that transformed synthetic methods for constructing complex molecules.
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D.
James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry
The James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry is a prestigious American Chemical Society honor recognizing outstanding contributions to the field of physical organic chemistry.
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E.
Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry
The Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry is a prestigious American Chemical Society honor recognizing outstanding contributions and leadership in the field of organic chemistry.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann Target entity description: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann honored his development of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules, which fundamentally explained and predicted the outcomes of pericyclic reactions in organic chemistry.
-
A.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 was awarded for pioneering work in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures, revolutionizing X-ray crystallography and structural chemistry.
-
B.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965 is the annual chemistry award that was given to Robert Burns Woodward for his outstanding achievements in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
-
C.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950 was awarded for pioneering work in organic chemistry, specifically the development of the Diels–Alder reaction that transformed synthetic methods for constructing complex molecules.
-
D.
James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry
The James Flack Norris Award in Physical Organic Chemistry is a prestigious American Chemical Society honor recognizing outstanding contributions to the field of physical organic chemistry.
-
E.
Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry
The Roger Adams Award in Organic Chemistry is a prestigious American Chemical Society honor recognizing outstanding contributions and leadership in the field of organic chemistry.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (38)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
ⓘ
international award ⓘ science award ⓘ |
| administeredBy | Nobel Foundation NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| areaOfContribution |
reaction mechanism theory
ⓘ
theoretical organic chemistry ⓘ |
| associatedPerson | Robert Burns Woodward NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| awardedBy | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| awardYear | 1981 ⓘ |
| basedOnWorkPeriod |
1960s
ⓘ
1970s ⓘ |
| countryOfAwardingBody | Sweden NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| field | Chemistry ⓘ |
| followedBy | Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasCategory | 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| hasLaureateCitizenshipAtTime | United States of America NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| honorsWorkOf |
Kenichi Fukui
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roald Hoffmann NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| impact |
advanced understanding of molecular orbital symmetry in reactions
ⓘ
influenced design of synthetic organic reactions ⓘ provided general rules for concerted reactions ⓘ |
| laureate |
Kenichi Fukui
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Roald Hoffmann NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| laureateField |
organic chemistry
ⓘ
theoretical chemistry ⓘ |
| motivation | for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions ⓘ |
| partOf | Nobel Prize NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| precededBy | Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| reasonForAward |
fundamental explanation of pericyclic reaction selectivity
ⓘ
prediction of stereochemistry in pericyclic reactions ⓘ |
| relatedConcept |
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
frontier molecular orbital theory ⓘ orbital symmetry control ⓘ pericyclic reactions ⓘ |
| sharedWith | Kenichi Fukui NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| specificContributionRecognized |
development of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules
ⓘ
prediction of outcomes of pericyclic reactions ⓘ theoretical explanation of pericyclic reactions ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann Description of subject: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 for Roald Hoffmann honored his development of the Woodward–Hoffmann rules, which fundamentally explained and predicted the outcomes of pericyclic reactions in organic chemistry.
Referenced by (3)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (through Roald Hoffmann)
this entity surface form:
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981 (for Roald Hoffmann’s theoretical work on chemical bonding)