Triple

T9931755
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Neal Koblitz E192662 entity
Predicate authorOf P4244 FINISHED
Object A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography
A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography is a widely used textbook that introduces fundamental concepts of number theory with a strong emphasis on their applications to modern cryptography.
E831064 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography | Statement: [Neal Koblitz, authorOf, A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography
Context triple: [Neal Koblitz, authorOf, A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography]
  • A. A Course in Arithmetic
    A Course in Arithmetic is a classic introductory text in number theory by Jean-Pierre Serre, renowned for its concise and elegant treatment of fundamental arithmetic and algebraic concepts.
  • B. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers
    An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers is a classic textbook in number theory, co-authored by G. H. Hardy, that systematically develops fundamental concepts such as divisibility, prime numbers, Diophantine equations, and quadratic forms.
  • C. Three Pearls of Number Theory
    Three Pearls of Number Theory is a classic mathematical text that presents three elegant and accessible problems in number theory, illustrating deep ideas through simple, beautifully explained examples.
  • D. Number Theory: An Approach through History from Hammurapi to Legendre
    "Number Theory: An Approach through History from Hammurapi to Legendre" is a historical and expository book by André Weil that traces the development of number theory from ancient Mesopotamia to the early 19th century.
  • E. NTIC
    NTIC is the commonly used abbreviation for the National Telecommunications and Information Council, a governmental body focused on telecommunications and information policy.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography
Triple: [Neal Koblitz, authorOf, A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography]
Generated description
A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography is a widely used textbook that introduces fundamental concepts of number theory with a strong emphasis on their applications to modern cryptography.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography
Target entity description: A Course in Number Theory and Cryptography is a widely used textbook that introduces fundamental concepts of number theory with a strong emphasis on their applications to modern cryptography.
  • A. A Course in Arithmetic
    A Course in Arithmetic is a classic introductory text in number theory by Jean-Pierre Serre, renowned for its concise and elegant treatment of fundamental arithmetic and algebraic concepts.
  • B. An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers
    An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers is a classic textbook in number theory, co-authored by G. H. Hardy, that systematically develops fundamental concepts such as divisibility, prime numbers, Diophantine equations, and quadratic forms.
  • C. Three Pearls of Number Theory
    Three Pearls of Number Theory is a classic mathematical text that presents three elegant and accessible problems in number theory, illustrating deep ideas through simple, beautifully explained examples.
  • D. Number Theory: An Approach through History from Hammurapi to Legendre
    "Number Theory: An Approach through History from Hammurapi to Legendre" is a historical and expository book by André Weil that traces the development of number theory from ancient Mesopotamia to the early 19th century.
  • E. NTIC
    NTIC is the commonly used abbreviation for the National Telecommunications and Information Council, a governmental body focused on telecommunications and information policy.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82dd978c8190947124ab0d3315ac completed March 30, 2026, 2:04 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cdb5b54f348190b8e70e7beff6098a completed April 2, 2026, 12:17 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d228d1620c8190ac7125b268dd6832 completed April 5, 2026, 9:18 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d22c3a6fc0819083a376736325a04e completed April 5, 2026, 9:32 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d22cabf39881908f45667751384df5 completed April 5, 2026, 9:34 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:43 p.m.