Triple

T9921027
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Langevin theory of paramagnetism E187794 entity
Predicate defines P264 FINISHED
Object Langevin function
The Langevin function is a mathematical function that describes how the magnetization of a paramagnetic material depends on an applied magnetic field and temperature in classical statistical mechanics.
E829089 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Langevin function | Statement: [Langevin theory of paramagnetism, defines, Langevin function]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Langevin function
Context triple: [Langevin theory of paramagnetism, defines, Langevin function]
  • A. Brillouin function
    The Brillouin function is a mathematical function in statistical mechanics that describes the magnetization of a paramagnetic material as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field.
  • B. Langevin dynamics
    Langevin dynamics is a stochastic approach to modeling the motion of particles in a fluid by combining deterministic forces with random thermal fluctuations, often used to simulate Brownian motion and other nonequilibrium processes.
  • C. Onsager–Machlup function
    The Onsager–Machlup function is a functional in stochastic process theory that characterizes the most probable paths of fluctuating systems, playing a key role in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and large deviation theory.
  • D. Mittag-Leffler function
    The Mittag-Leffler function is a complex function that generalizes the exponential function and plays a central role in fractional calculus and the theory of differential and integral equations.
  • E. Landau interaction function
    The Landau interaction function is a central quantity in Fermi liquid theory that characterizes the effective quasiparticle–quasiparticle interactions near the Fermi surface.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Langevin function
Triple: [Langevin theory of paramagnetism, defines, Langevin function]
Generated description
The Langevin function is a mathematical function that describes how the magnetization of a paramagnetic material depends on an applied magnetic field and temperature in classical statistical mechanics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Langevin function
Target entity description: The Langevin function is a mathematical function that describes how the magnetization of a paramagnetic material depends on an applied magnetic field and temperature in classical statistical mechanics.
  • A. Brillouin function
    The Brillouin function is a mathematical function in statistical mechanics that describes the magnetization of a paramagnetic material as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field.
  • B. Langevin dynamics
    Langevin dynamics is a stochastic approach to modeling the motion of particles in a fluid by combining deterministic forces with random thermal fluctuations, often used to simulate Brownian motion and other nonequilibrium processes.
  • C. Onsager–Machlup function
    The Onsager–Machlup function is a functional in stochastic process theory that characterizes the most probable paths of fluctuating systems, playing a key role in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and large deviation theory.
  • D. Mittag-Leffler function
    The Mittag-Leffler function is a complex function that generalizes the exponential function and plays a central role in fractional calculus and the theory of differential and integral equations.
  • E. Landau interaction function
    The Landau interaction function is a central quantity in Fermi liquid theory that characterizes the effective quasiparticle–quasiparticle interactions near the Fermi surface.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82b22a688190b52c75bd48429c10 completed March 30, 2026, 2:03 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cdb56abbb88190a21b8b77f1a25b81 completed April 2, 2026, 12:16 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d20e019f788190a0106b60c8a39efa completed April 5, 2026, 7:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d20ed2dea481909fd9a9dddac3daf1 completed April 5, 2026, 7:27 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d20fef723881909d8d57548461926f completed April 5, 2026, 7:31 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:42 p.m.