Triple
T9816005
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | William Opdyke |
E238405
|
entity |
| Predicate | contributedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming
Foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming is a seminal body of work that established the theoretical principles and systematic techniques for restructuring object-oriented code to improve its design without altering its external behavior.
|
E32454
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming | Statement: [William Opdyke, contributedTo, foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming Context triple: [William Opdyke, contributedTo, foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming]
-
A.
Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code
"Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code" is a seminal software engineering book by Martin Fowler that systematically defines refactoring techniques to improve code structure while preserving behavior.
-
B.
object-oriented software construction
Object-oriented Software Construction is a foundational book by Bertrand Meyer that systematically presents the principles, methods, and best practices of object-oriented software engineering.
-
C.
Working Effectively with Legacy Code
Working Effectively with Legacy Code is a widely respected software engineering book by Michael Feathers that teaches practical techniques for understanding, testing, and safely modifying existing codebases.
-
D.
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach is a foundational software engineering textbook by Ivar Jacobson that popularized use-case–driven, object-oriented analysis and design methods.
-
E.
Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models
Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models is a software engineering book by Martin Fowler that presents recurring object-oriented design solutions for modeling complex business domains.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming Triple: [William Opdyke, contributedTo, foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming]
Generated description
Foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming is a seminal body of work that established the theoretical principles and systematic techniques for restructuring object-oriented code to improve its design without altering its external behavior.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming Target entity description: Foundations of refactoring in object-oriented programming is a seminal body of work that established the theoretical principles and systematic techniques for restructuring object-oriented code to improve its design without altering its external behavior.
-
A.
Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code
chosen
"Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code" is a seminal software engineering book by Martin Fowler that systematically defines refactoring techniques to improve code structure while preserving behavior.
-
B.
object-oriented software construction
Object-oriented Software Construction is a foundational book by Bertrand Meyer that systematically presents the principles, methods, and best practices of object-oriented software engineering.
-
C.
Working Effectively with Legacy Code
Working Effectively with Legacy Code is a widely respected software engineering book by Michael Feathers that teaches practical techniques for understanding, testing, and safely modifying existing codebases.
-
D.
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach
Object-Oriented Software Engineering: A Use Case Driven Approach is a foundational software engineering textbook by Ivar Jacobson that popularized use-case–driven, object-oriented analysis and design methods.
-
E.
Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models
Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models is a software engineering book by Martin Fowler that presents recurring object-oriented design solutions for modeling complex business domains.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca84dfde1481909f47c286d715f892 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cdb2f341648190bf8343e1124085cb |
completed | April 2, 2026, 12:06 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d1cc6c64dc8190979be34255dc22e5 |
completed | April 5, 2026, 2:43 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d1cf7ce46c8190a7383086eb667b51 |
completed | April 5, 2026, 2:57 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d1d0034dc081908182e3f873a2c584 |
completed | April 5, 2026, 2:59 a.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:30 p.m.