Triple

T9770326
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Pauli–Villars regularization E237107 entity
Predicate publication P80 FINISHED
Object On the Invariant Regularization in Relativistic Quantum Theory E237107 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: On the Invariant Regularization in Relativistic Quantum Theory | Statement: [Pauli–Villars regularization, publication, On the Invariant Regularization in Relativistic Quantum Theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: On the Invariant Regularization in Relativistic Quantum Theory
Context triple: [Pauli–Villars regularization, publication, On the Invariant Regularization in Relativistic Quantum Theory]
  • A. Euclidean quantum field theory
    Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
  • B. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Pauli–Villars regularization chosen
    Pauli–Villars regularization is a technique in quantum field theory that controls ultraviolet divergences by introducing auxiliary heavy fields to render integrals finite.
  • D. Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
    The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
  • E. Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories
    Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories is the foundational work that introduced the Peierls bracket, providing a covariant formulation of commutation relations in quantum field theory.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca84d831b8819090322686b47887ce completed March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cda0f1dea08190b89bcc192b068c66 completed April 1, 2026, 10:49 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d1bd0cae548190a2d9b42ea4ecc372 completed April 5, 2026, 1:38 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:26 p.m.