Triple
T9700596
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Atombau und Spektrallinien |
E234764
|
entity |
| Predicate | associatedWith |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics
The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
|
E814352
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics | Statement: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics Context triple: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
-
A.
Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
-
B.
Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen
The Faculty of Physics at the University of Göttingen is a major academic division renowned for research and teaching across a broad range of physics disciplines, including theoretical, experimental, and condensed matter physics.
-
C.
Berkeley school of physical chemistry
The Berkeley school of physical chemistry was an influential early- to mid-20th-century research tradition at the University of California, Berkeley, known for pioneering work in thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, and chemical bonding.
-
D.
Alfred Landé
Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
-
E.
Max Born
Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics Triple: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
Generated description
The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics Target entity description: The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
-
A.
Arnold Sommerfeld
Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
-
B.
Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen
The Faculty of Physics at the University of Göttingen is a major academic division renowned for research and teaching across a broad range of physics disciplines, including theoretical, experimental, and condensed matter physics.
-
C.
Berkeley school of physical chemistry
The Berkeley school of physical chemistry was an influential early- to mid-20th-century research tradition at the University of California, Berkeley, known for pioneering work in thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, and chemical bonding.
-
D.
Alfred Landé
Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
-
E.
Max Born
Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca84cb580c8190a7e5f4b3bcdaf2a4 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd9d6eab0c8190abac1b009d625975 |
completed | April 1, 2026, 10:34 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d1912e645881908d223a93f3ee61da |
completed | April 4, 2026, 10:31 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d191ea02e8819097e5a4247a8084f6 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 10:34 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d19251095881909272c53c026b2ad1 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 10:36 p.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:18 p.m.