Triple

T9700596
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Atombau und Spektrallinien E234764 entity
Predicate associatedWith P37 FINISHED
Object Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics
The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
E814352 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics | Statement: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics
Context triple: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
  • A. Arnold Sommerfeld
    Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
  • B. Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen
    The Faculty of Physics at the University of Göttingen is a major academic division renowned for research and teaching across a broad range of physics disciplines, including theoretical, experimental, and condensed matter physics.
  • C. Berkeley school of physical chemistry
    The Berkeley school of physical chemistry was an influential early- to mid-20th-century research tradition at the University of California, Berkeley, known for pioneering work in thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, and chemical bonding.
  • D. Alfred Landé
    Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
  • E. Max Born
    Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics
Triple: [Atombau und Spektrallinien, associatedWith, Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics]
Generated description
The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics
Target entity description: The Arnold Sommerfeld school of theoretical physics was an influential early 20th-century research and teaching tradition centered around Arnold Sommerfeld and his students, which helped shape modern atomic and quantum theory.
  • A. Arnold Sommerfeld
    Arnold Sommerfeld was a pioneering German theoretical physicist whose work in atomic and quantum theory significantly shaped modern physics and influenced generations of prominent scientists.
  • B. Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen
    The Faculty of Physics at the University of Göttingen is a major academic division renowned for research and teaching across a broad range of physics disciplines, including theoretical, experimental, and condensed matter physics.
  • C. Berkeley school of physical chemistry
    The Berkeley school of physical chemistry was an influential early- to mid-20th-century research tradition at the University of California, Berkeley, known for pioneering work in thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, and chemical bonding.
  • D. Alfred Landé
    Alfred Landé was a German-American physicist best known for his work in quantum theory and atomic spectroscopy, including the introduction of the Landé g-factor.
  • E. Max Born
    Max Born was a German physicist and Nobel laureate who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics, particularly in the statistical interpretation of the wave function.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca84cb580c8190a7e5f4b3bcdaf2a4 completed March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cd9d6eab0c8190abac1b009d625975 completed April 1, 2026, 10:34 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d1912e645881908d223a93f3ee61da completed April 4, 2026, 10:31 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d191ea02e8819097e5a4247a8084f6 completed April 4, 2026, 10:34 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d19251095881909272c53c026b2ad1 completed April 4, 2026, 10:36 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:18 p.m.