Triple

T9700409
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Sommerfeld quantization rules E234760 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Sommerfeld fine-structure formula E234759 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld fine-structure formula | Statement: [Sommerfeld quantization rules, relatedTo, Sommerfeld fine-structure formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
Context triple: [Sommerfeld quantization rules, relatedTo, Sommerfeld fine-structure formula]
  • A. Sommerfeld fine-structure formula chosen
    The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
  • B. Rydberg formula
    The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
  • C. Sommerfeld quantization rules
    Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
  • D. Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
    The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
  • E. Rydberg constant
    The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca84cb580c8190a7e5f4b3bcdaf2a4 completed March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cd9d6eab0c8190abac1b009d625975 completed April 1, 2026, 10:34 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d1912e645881908d223a93f3ee61da completed April 4, 2026, 10:31 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:18 p.m.