Triple
T9700409
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sommerfeld quantization rules |
E234760
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Sommerfeld fine-structure formula |
E234759
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sommerfeld fine-structure formula | Statement: [Sommerfeld quantization rules, relatedTo, Sommerfeld fine-structure formula]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sommerfeld fine-structure formula Context triple: [Sommerfeld quantization rules, relatedTo, Sommerfeld fine-structure formula]
-
A.
Sommerfeld fine-structure formula
chosen
The Sommerfeld fine-structure formula is a relativistic extension of the Bohr model that accurately predicts the fine-structure energy levels of the hydrogen atom.
-
B.
Rydberg formula
The Rydberg formula is an equation in atomic physics that predicts the wavelengths of spectral lines of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Rydberg constant.
-
C.
Sommerfeld quantization rules
Sommerfeld quantization rules are an early quantum theory refinement of Bohr’s model that quantize electron motion in elliptical orbits using action integrals, helping to explain fine-structure details in atomic spectra.
-
D.
Rydberg–Ritz combination principle
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is a rule in atomic spectroscopy stating that the frequencies (or wavenumbers) of spectral lines can be expressed as differences between terms in a series, enabling systematic prediction and classification of atomic spectra.
-
E.
Rydberg constant
The Rydberg constant is a fundamental physical constant that characterizes the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (or lowest wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from the hydrogen atom, playing a key role in atomic spectroscopy and quantum theory.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca84cb580c8190a7e5f4b3bcdaf2a4 |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:12 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd9d6eab0c8190abac1b009d625975 |
completed | April 1, 2026, 10:34 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d1912e645881908d223a93f3ee61da |
completed | April 4, 2026, 10:31 p.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:18 p.m.