Triple
T9637437
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Born–Infeld electrodynamics |
E232968
|
entity |
| Predicate | comparedWith |
P278
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
|
E811631
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian | Statement: [Born–Infeld electrodynamics, comparedWith, Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian Context triple: [Born–Infeld electrodynamics, comparedWith, Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian]
-
A.
Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
-
B.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
-
C.
Schwinger effect
The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
-
D.
Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian Triple: [Born–Infeld electrodynamics, comparedWith, Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian]
Generated description
The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian Target entity description: The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
-
A.
Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Born–Infeld electrodynamics is a nonlinear modification of classical Maxwell theory proposed to remove the infinite self-energy of point charges by introducing an upper bound on the electromagnetic field strength.
-
B.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
-
C.
Schwinger effect
The Schwinger effect is a quantum field theory phenomenon in which extremely strong electric fields can spontaneously create particle–antiparticle pairs from the vacuum.
-
D.
Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
-
E.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ca848940cc8190b97cec654cb3bb4a |
completed | March 30, 2026, 2:11 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69cd9b5045cc8190ab717f42d803e010 |
completed | April 1, 2026, 10:25 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d1823e32c48190a442b77a0f7c8180 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 9:27 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d18393656c81908821ae0d7af83a57 |
completed | April 4, 2026, 9:33 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d183f733cc8190bbb69c035c1d397a |
completed | April 4, 2026, 9:34 p.m. |
Created at: March 30, 2026, 8:11 p.m.