Triple

T9527185

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	Michael B. Gerrard	`E229787`	entity
Predicate	notableWork	`P4`	FINISHED
Object	Global Climate Change and U.S. Law Global Climate Change and U.S. Law is a comprehensive legal treatise that analyzes how U.S. federal and state laws address climate change, including regulation, litigation, and policy responses.	`E806208`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Global Climate Change and U.S. Law | Statement: [Michael B. Gerrard, notableWork, Global Climate Change and U.S. Law]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Global Climate Change and U.S. Law
Context triple: [Michael B. Gerrard, notableWork, Global Climate Change and U.S. Law]

A. United States environmental law
United States environmental law is the body of federal statutes, regulations, and case law that governs the protection of air, water, land, wildlife, and public health from environmental harm.
B. Sabin Center for Climate Change Law
The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law is a research and policy center at Columbia Law School focused on developing legal techniques and resources to address climate change and advance environmental protection.
C. Environmental Law and Policy Annual Review
Environmental Law and Policy Annual Review is an academic publication that analyzes and summarizes significant recent developments in environmental law and policy.
D. The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities
The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities is a book by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer examining how globalization increasingly shapes the work and decisions of the American judiciary.
E. Harvard Environmental Law Review
Harvard Environmental Law Review is a leading student-edited legal journal that publishes scholarship on environmental and natural resources law and policy.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Global Climate Change and U.S. Law
Triple: [Michael B. Gerrard, notableWork, Global Climate Change and U.S. Law]

Generated description

Global Climate Change and U.S. Law is a comprehensive legal treatise that analyzes how U.S. federal and state laws address climate change, including regulation, litigation, and policy responses.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Global Climate Change and U.S. Law
Target entity description: Global Climate Change and U.S. Law is a comprehensive legal treatise that analyzes how U.S. federal and state laws address climate change, including regulation, litigation, and policy responses.

A. United States environmental law
United States environmental law is the body of federal statutes, regulations, and case law that governs the protection of air, water, land, wildlife, and public health from environmental harm.
B. Sabin Center for Climate Change Law
The Sabin Center for Climate Change Law is a research and policy center at Columbia Law School focused on developing legal techniques and resources to address climate change and advance environmental protection.
C. Environmental Law and Policy Annual Review
Environmental Law and Policy Annual Review is an academic publication that analyzes and summarizes significant recent developments in environmental law and policy.
D. The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities
The Court and the World: American Law and the New Global Realities is a book by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer examining how globalization increasingly shapes the work and decisions of the American judiciary.
E. Harvard Environmental Law Review
Harvard Environmental Law Review is a leading student-edited legal journal that publishes scholarship on environmental and natural resources law and policy.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69ca8479934c81908006d0e6e970ae05`	completed	March 30, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69cd989c831081908877e42f7ead84ba`	completed	April 1, 2026, 10:13 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69d14c2710b481909a13d946f6dd5b2d`	completed	April 4, 2026, 5:36 p.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69d14e49c97481909a1bab1b4d482194`	completed	April 4, 2026, 5:45 p.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69d14ee1fcdc8190bf23a3af97f0ba39`	completed	April 4, 2026, 5:48 p.m.

Created at: March 30, 2026, 8 p.m.