Triple

T8673012
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William Stallings E205844 entity
Predicate hasWritten P2831 FINISHED
Object Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles E749047 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles | Statement: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles]

Disambiguation candidates (1 decision)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles
Context triple: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles]
  • A. Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles chosen
    Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive, in-depth exploration of operating system concepts, architectures, and implementation techniques.
  • B. Operating Systems: Design and Implementation
    Operating Systems: Design and Implementation is a foundational textbook by Andrew S. Tanenbaum that presents the principles of operating system design alongside a detailed case study of the MINIX operating system.
  • C. Modern Operating Systems
    Modern Operating Systems is a widely used computer science textbook by Andrew S. Tanenbaum (often with Herbert Bos) that provides a comprehensive introduction to the design and implementation of contemporary operating systems.
  • D. Operating System Concepts
    Operating System Concepts is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern operating systems.
  • E. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach"
    "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" is a seminal textbook that rigorously explores modern computer architecture design and performance analysis, widely used in academia and industry as a definitive reference.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69ca83529a9c8190b5c075b4f14636ed elicitation completed
NER batch_69cc491b807c81909563a34a947bc21a ner completed
NED1 batch_69cef3960ce881908f07fb9fdafcd550 ned_source_triple completed
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:31 p.m.