Triple

T8673010
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William Stallings E205844 entity
Predicate hasWritten P2831 FINISHED
Object Data and Computer Communications E749045 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Data and Computer Communications | Statement: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Data and Computer Communications]

Disambiguation candidates (1 decision)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Data and Computer Communications
Context triple: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Data and Computer Communications]
  • A. Data and Computer Communications chosen
    Data and Computer Communications is a widely used textbook by William Stallings that provides a comprehensive introduction to data communications, networking, and computer communication protocols.
  • B. Computer Communication Review
    Computer Communication Review is a leading academic journal and newsletter of the ACM SIGCOMM community, publishing research and commentary on computer networking and data communication.
  • C. Computer Networks
    Computer Networks is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, architectures, and protocols underlying modern computer networking.
  • D. The Computer as a Communication Device
    "The Computer as a Communication Device" is a seminal 1968 essay by J.C.R. Licklider that envisioned interactive, networked computing as a medium for human collaboration and communication, foreshadowing the modern internet.
  • E. Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers
    "Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers" is an IETF standards document (RFC 1122) that specifies the protocol and behavior requirements for Internet host communication across the network, transport, and related layers.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69ca83529a9c8190b5c075b4f14636ed elicitation completed
NER batch_69cc491b807c81909563a34a947bc21a ner completed
NED1 batch_69cef3960ce881908f07fb9fdafcd550 ned_source_triple completed
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:31 p.m.