Triple

T8673009

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	William Stallings	`E205844`	entity
Predicate	hasWritten	`P2831`	FINISHED
Object	Computer Organization and Architecture Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that explains the fundamental principles of how computer hardware is structured and operates, from basic digital logic through processor design and system architecture.	`E750338`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Computer Organization and Architecture | Statement: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Computer Organization and Architecture]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Context triple: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Computer Organization and Architecture]

A. Structured Computer Organization
Structured Computer Organization is a widely used textbook that introduces the principles of computer architecture and organization in a clear, layered, and accessible manner.
B. Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution
"Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution" is a comprehensive reference book that traces the historical development and fundamental principles of computer architecture, co-authored by Gerrit Blaauw and Frederick Brooks.
C. "Computer Organization and Design"
"Computer Organization and Design" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer architecture that explains how computers are structured and how hardware and software interact to execute programs.
D. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach"
"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" is a seminal textbook that rigorously explores modern computer architecture design and performance analysis, widely used in academia and industry as a definitive reference.
E. Computer Structures: Readings and Examples
Computer Structures: Readings and Examples is a seminal anthology in computer architecture that compiles influential papers and case studies illustrating key design principles of computer systems.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Triple: [William Stallings, hasWritten, Computer Organization and Architecture]

Generated description

Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that explains the fundamental principles of how computer hardware is structured and operates, from basic digital logic through processor design and system architecture.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Target entity description: Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that explains the fundamental principles of how computer hardware is structured and operates, from basic digital logic through processor design and system architecture.

A. Structured Computer Organization
Structured Computer Organization is a widely used textbook that introduces the principles of computer architecture and organization in a clear, layered, and accessible manner.
B. Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution
"Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution" is a comprehensive reference book that traces the historical development and fundamental principles of computer architecture, co-authored by Gerrit Blaauw and Frederick Brooks.
C. "Computer Organization and Design"
"Computer Organization and Design" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer architecture that explains how computers are structured and how hardware and software interact to execute programs.
D. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach"
"Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" is a seminal textbook that rigorously explores modern computer architecture design and performance analysis, widely used in academia and industry as a definitive reference.
E. Computer Structures: Readings and Examples
Computer Structures: Readings and Examples is a seminal anthology in computer architecture that compiles influential papers and case studies illustrating key design principles of computer systems.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69ca83529a9c8190b5c075b4f14636ed`	completed	March 30, 2026, 2:06 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69cc491b807c81909563a34a947bc21a`	completed	March 31, 2026, 10:22 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69cef3960ce881908f07fb9fdafcd550`	completed	April 2, 2026, 10:54 p.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69cef4ce80488190be5dfa7f28d0aa59`	completed	April 2, 2026, 10:59 p.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69cef6a6b6d4819089b3dc327a05b759`	completed	April 2, 2026, 11:07 p.m.

Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:31 p.m.