Triple

T8672984
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William Stallings E205844 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Data and Computer Communications
Data and Computer Communications is a widely used textbook by William Stallings that provides a comprehensive introduction to data communications, networking, and computer communication protocols.
 E749045 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Data and Computer Communications | Statement: [William Stallings, notableWork, Data and Computer Communications]

Disambiguation candidates (2 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Data and Computer Communications
Context triple: [William Stallings, notableWork, Data and Computer Communications]
  • A. Computer Communication Review
    Computer Communication Review is a leading academic journal and newsletter of the ACM SIGCOMM community, publishing research and commentary on computer networking and data communication.
  • B. Computer Networks
    Computer Networks is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, architectures, and protocols underlying modern computer networking.
  • C. The Computer as a Communication Device
    "The Computer as a Communication Device" is a seminal 1968 essay by J.C.R. Licklider that envisioned interactive, networked computing as a medium for human collaboration and communication, foreshadowing the modern internet.
  • D. Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers
    "Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers" is an IETF standards document (RFC 1122) that specifies the protocol and behavior requirements for Internet host communication across the network, transport, and related layers.
  • E. Data Archiving and Networked Services
    Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) is a Dutch national institute that preserves, curates, and provides access to research data to support long-term reuse and open science.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Data and Computer Communications
Target entity description: Data and Computer Communications is a widely used textbook by William Stallings that provides a comprehensive introduction to data communications, networking, and computer communication protocols.
  • A. Computer Communication Review
    Computer Communication Review is a leading academic journal and newsletter of the ACM SIGCOMM community, publishing research and commentary on computer networking and data communication.
  • B. Computer Networks
    Computer Networks is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, architectures, and protocols underlying modern computer networking.
  • C. The Computer as a Communication Device
    "The Computer as a Communication Device" is a seminal 1968 essay by J.C.R. Licklider that envisioned interactive, networked computing as a medium for human collaboration and communication, foreshadowing the modern internet.
  • D. Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers
    "Requirements for Internet Hosts – Communication Layers" is an IETF standards document (RFC 1122) that specifies the protocol and behavior requirements for Internet host communication across the network, transport, and related layers.
  • E. Data Archiving and Networked Services
    Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) is a Dutch national institute that preserves, curates, and provides access to research data to support long-term reuse and open science.
  • F. None of above. chosen

How the object was described

The object's one-sentence description was generated by prompting gpt-5.1 with the object name and this triple as context.

Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Data and Computer Communications
Triple: [William Stallings, notableWork, Data and Computer Communications]
Generated description
Data and Computer Communications is a widely used textbook by William Stallings that provides a comprehensive introduction to data communications, networking, and computer communication protocols.

Provenance (5 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69ca83529a9c8190b5c075b4f14636ed elicitation completed
NER batch_69cc491b807c81909563a34a947bc21a ner completed
NED1 batch_69cecd43c91c8190a9d1e5d14d764530 ned_source_triple completed
NED2 batch_69cecf962f28819090fb93b6a7a2784b ned_description completed
NEDg batch_69ceceaab52c819082ecea1bcc38def8 nedg completed
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:31 p.m.