Triple

T8672983
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject William Stallings E205844 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Computer Organization and Architecture
Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that systematically explains the structure, functioning, and design principles of computer systems, from hardware components to system-level architecture.
 E185466 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Computer Organization and Architecture | Statement: [William Stallings, notableWork, Computer Organization and Architecture]

Disambiguation candidates (2 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Context triple: [William Stallings, notableWork, Computer Organization and Architecture]
  • A. Structured Computer Organization
    Structured Computer Organization is a widely used textbook that introduces the principles of computer architecture and organization in a clear, layered, and accessible manner.
  • B. Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution
    "Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution" is a comprehensive reference book that traces the historical development and fundamental principles of computer architecture, co-authored by Gerrit Blaauw and Frederick Brooks.
  • C. "Computer Organization and Design"
    "Computer Organization and Design" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer architecture that explains how computers are structured and how hardware and software interact to execute programs.
  • D. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach"
    "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" is a seminal textbook that rigorously explores modern computer architecture design and performance analysis, widely used in academia and industry as a definitive reference.
  • E. Computer Structures: Readings and Examples
    Computer Structures: Readings and Examples is a seminal anthology in computer architecture that compiles influential papers and case studies illustrating key design principles of computer systems.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Target entity description: Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that systematically explains the structure, functioning, and design principles of computer systems, from hardware components to system-level architecture.
  • A. Structured Computer Organization
    Structured Computer Organization is a widely used textbook that introduces the principles of computer architecture and organization in a clear, layered, and accessible manner.
  • B. Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution
    "Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution" is a comprehensive reference book that traces the historical development and fundamental principles of computer architecture, co-authored by Gerrit Blaauw and Frederick Brooks.
  • C. "Computer Organization and Design" chosen
    "Computer Organization and Design" is a widely used foundational textbook in computer architecture that explains how computers are structured and how hardware and software interact to execute programs.
  • D. "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach"
    "Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach" is a seminal textbook that rigorously explores modern computer architecture design and performance analysis, widely used in academia and industry as a definitive reference.
  • E. Computer Structures: Readings and Examples
    Computer Structures: Readings and Examples is a seminal anthology in computer architecture that compiles influential papers and case studies illustrating key design principles of computer systems.
  • F. None of above.

How the object was described

The object's one-sentence description was generated by prompting gpt-5.1 with the object name and this triple as context.

Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Computer Organization and Architecture
Triple: [William Stallings, notableWork, Computer Organization and Architecture]
Generated description
Computer Organization and Architecture is a widely used textbook that systematically explains the structure, functioning, and design principles of computer systems, from hardware components to system-level architecture.

Provenance (5 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69ca83529a9c8190b5c075b4f14636ed elicitation completed
NER batch_69cc491b807c81909563a34a947bc21a ner completed
NED1 batch_69cecd43c91c8190a9d1e5d14d764530 ned_source_triple completed
NED2 batch_69cecf962f28819090fb93b6a7a2784b ned_description completed
NEDg batch_69ceceaab52c819082ecea1bcc38def8 nedg completed
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:31 p.m.