Triple

T8640857
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Probability theory E204642 entity
Predicate usesConcept P531 FINISHED
Object Markov chain E48274 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Markov chain | Statement: [Probability theory, usesConcept, Markov chain]

Disambiguation candidates (1 decision)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Markov chain
Context triple: [Probability theory, usesConcept, Markov chain]
  • A. Markov processes chosen
    Markov processes are stochastic processes in which the future evolution depends only on the present state and not on the past history.
  • B. Markov semigroup
    A Markov semigroup is a family of linear operators describing the time evolution of probability distributions in a Markov process, forming a semigroup under composition and preserving positivity and total mass.
  • C. Chapman–Kolmogorov equation
    The Chapman–Kolmogorov equation is a fundamental relation in the theory of stochastic processes that expresses how transition probabilities of a Markov process over longer time intervals can be obtained by integrating over intermediate states.
  • D. Markov chain Monte Carlo
    Markov chain Monte Carlo is a class of algorithms that uses Markov chains to generate samples from complex probability distributions, widely used in Bayesian inference, statistical physics, and machine learning.
  • E. Stochastic Processes
    "Stochastic Processes" is a foundational textbook by Emanuel Parzen that rigorously introduces the theory and applications of random processes in probability and statistics.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69ca834ca1c88190a11ffb0200342fac elicitation completed
NER batch_69cc47944d1c819081f448f14d04bf9d ner completed
NED1 batch_69cebc3b1f508190978df29d995f494c ned_source_triple completed
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:28 p.m.