Triple

T8472321
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject iDEN E200308 entity
Predicate usesModulation P23647 FINISHED
Object π/4 DQPSK
π/4 DQPSK is a digital phase modulation scheme that encodes data by shifting the carrier phase in quarter-pi increments to improve spectral efficiency and reduce signal distortion in wireless communication systems.
E736616 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: π/4 DQPSK | Statement: [iDEN, usesModulation, π/4 DQPSK]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: π/4 DQPSK
Context triple: [iDEN, usesModulation, π/4 DQPSK]
  • A. PSK
    PSK is the abbreviation for the Polish Women's Auxiliary Service, a World War II-era organization of Polish women who supported military operations through various non-combat roles.
  • B. PSK
    PSK is the commonly used abbreviation for the Scottish Parliament constituency of Perthshire South and Kinross-shire.
  • C. OFDM
    OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a digital multi-carrier modulation technique that splits data across many closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers to improve robustness against interference and multipath fading in wireless and wired communication systems.
  • D. SC-FDMA
    SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) is a multi-carrier transmission scheme used primarily in LTE uplink that combines single-carrier characteristics with frequency-domain equalization to achieve lower peak-to-average power ratio than OFDM.
  • E. DVB-S2
    DVB-S2 is an advanced digital satellite television broadcasting standard widely used in Europe and beyond for efficient, high-quality transmission of TV and data services.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: π/4 DQPSK
Triple: [iDEN, usesModulation, π/4 DQPSK]
Generated description
π/4 DQPSK is a digital phase modulation scheme that encodes data by shifting the carrier phase in quarter-pi increments to improve spectral efficiency and reduce signal distortion in wireless communication systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: π/4 DQPSK
Target entity description: π/4 DQPSK is a digital phase modulation scheme that encodes data by shifting the carrier phase in quarter-pi increments to improve spectral efficiency and reduce signal distortion in wireless communication systems.
  • A. PSK
    PSK is the abbreviation for the Polish Women's Auxiliary Service, a World War II-era organization of Polish women who supported military operations through various non-combat roles.
  • B. PSK
    PSK is the commonly used abbreviation for the Scottish Parliament constituency of Perthshire South and Kinross-shire.
  • C. OFDM
    OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing) is a digital multi-carrier modulation technique that splits data across many closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers to improve robustness against interference and multipath fading in wireless and wired communication systems.
  • D. SC-FDMA
    SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) is a multi-carrier transmission scheme used primarily in LTE uplink that combines single-carrier characteristics with frequency-domain equalization to achieve lower peak-to-average power ratio than OFDM.
  • E. DVB-S2
    DVB-S2 is an advanced digital satellite television broadcasting standard widely used in Europe and beyond for efficient, high-quality transmission of TV and data services.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca831a4f348190bfdd09250e86ae35 completed March 30, 2026, 2:05 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cbe4f4fbf481909e4fd7c078b27477 completed March 31, 2026, 3:15 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ce39fc9bf481908e37919b13465d18 completed April 2, 2026, 9:42 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ce3b1e188c8190ad894478141f6501 completed April 2, 2026, 9:47 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ce3bfd00948190b3956be3f8c5d547 completed April 2, 2026, 9:50 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 6:11 p.m.