Triple

T846999
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Hendrik Lorentz E18298 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Lorentz–Lorenz equation
The Lorentz–Lorenz equation is a fundamental relation in optics and electromagnetism that connects a material’s refractive index to its molecular polarizability and density.
E100241 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lorentz–Lorenz equation | Statement: [Hendrik Lorentz, notableWork, Lorentz–Lorenz equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lorentz–Lorenz equation
Context triple: [Hendrik Lorentz, notableWork, Lorentz–Lorenz equation]
  • A. Stokes–Einstein relation
    The Stokes–Einstein relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of a particle in a fluid to its size, the fluid’s viscosity, and temperature.
  • B. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • C. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • D. Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
    The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
  • E. Sackur–Tetrode equation
    The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lorentz–Lorenz equation
Triple: [Hendrik Lorentz, notableWork, Lorentz–Lorenz equation]
Generated description
The Lorentz–Lorenz equation is a fundamental relation in optics and electromagnetism that connects a material’s refractive index to its molecular polarizability and density.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lorentz–Lorenz equation
Target entity description: The Lorentz–Lorenz equation is a fundamental relation in optics and electromagnetism that connects a material’s refractive index to its molecular polarizability and density.
  • A. Stokes–Einstein relation
    The Stokes–Einstein relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of a particle in a fluid to its size, the fluid’s viscosity, and temperature.
  • B. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • C. Klein–Nishina formula
    The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • D. Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
    The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
  • E. Sackur–Tetrode equation
    The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a4938b04208190b82e1df6b572c548 completed March 1, 2026, 7:29 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4ac0ba6b4819089c15ed7e1765502 completed March 1, 2026, 9:13 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a7929e65d08190bcea03f581288cc4 completed March 4, 2026, 2:02 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a7937c2ce481908c04e08e2be02985 completed March 4, 2026, 2:05 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a79761ee34819094a0558ef195d8a0 completed March 4, 2026, 2:22 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:38 p.m.