Triple

T7853056
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Peter Whittle E182102 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Optimization over Time
"Optimization over Time" is a seminal work by Peter Whittle that develops mathematical methods for making optimal sequential decisions in dynamic and stochastic systems.
 E695664 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Optimization over Time | Statement: [Peter Whittle, notableWork, Optimization over Time]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Optimization over Time
Context triple: [Peter Whittle, notableWork, Optimization over Time]
  • A. Convex Optimization
    Convex Optimization is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory, algorithms, and applications of convex optimization problems in engineering, statistics, and applied mathematics.
  • B. Nonlinear programming
    Nonlinear programming is a branch of mathematical optimization focused on finding optimal solutions to problems where the objective function or constraints are nonlinear.
  • C. Pontryagin maximum principle
    The Pontryagin maximum principle is a fundamental result in optimal control theory that provides necessary conditions for an optimal control process by characterizing optimal trajectories via a Hamiltonian maximization condition.
  • D. Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes
    Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes is a foundational work in control theory that systematically develops the mathematical principles of optimal control, including what is now known as Pontryagin’s maximum principle.
  • E. Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory
    Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory is a foundational textbook that systematically develops the theory and methods for controlling dynamical systems under uncertainty using probabilistic and stochastic-process tools.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Optimization over Time
Triple: [Peter Whittle, notableWork, Optimization over Time]
Generated description
"Optimization over Time" is a seminal work by Peter Whittle that develops mathematical methods for making optimal sequential decisions in dynamic and stochastic systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Optimization over Time
Target entity description: "Optimization over Time" is a seminal work by Peter Whittle that develops mathematical methods for making optimal sequential decisions in dynamic and stochastic systems.
  • A. Convex Optimization
    Convex Optimization is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory, algorithms, and applications of convex optimization problems in engineering, statistics, and applied mathematics.
  • B. Nonlinear programming
    Nonlinear programming is a branch of mathematical optimization focused on finding optimal solutions to problems where the objective function or constraints are nonlinear.
  • C. Pontryagin maximum principle
    The Pontryagin maximum principle is a fundamental result in optimal control theory that provides necessary conditions for an optimal control process by characterizing optimal trajectories via a Hamiltonian maximization condition.
  • D. Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes
    Mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes is a foundational work in control theory that systematically develops the mathematical principles of optimal control, including what is now known as Pontryagin’s maximum principle.
  • E. Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory
    Introduction to Stochastic Control Theory is a foundational textbook that systematically develops the theory and methods for controlling dynamical systems under uncertainty using probabilistic and stochastic-process tools.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca82869ee08190b8f9040dbc2c0467 completed March 30, 2026, 2:02 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cb18ed56d481909266d862e0ae152d completed March 31, 2026, 12:44 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69cb5b161a4881909641f3a29c1650b4 completed March 31, 2026, 5:26 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69cb5f1c9ef08190b1b79482f39966c7 completed March 31, 2026, 5:43 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69cb767b198481909cfc1f7a44e6f0d8 completed March 31, 2026, 7:23 a.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 4:51 p.m.