Triple

T7678399
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem E173924 entity
Predicate concerns P1256 FINISHED
Object Yang–Mills theory E244516 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Yang–Mills theory | Statement: [Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem, concerns, Yang–Mills theory]

Disambiguation candidates (1 decision)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Yang–Mills theory
Context triple: [Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem, concerns, Yang–Mills theory]
  • A. Yang–Mills theory chosen
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • B. gauge theory
    Gauge theory is a class of field theories in physics and mathematics in which the fundamental interactions are described by fields that are invariant under continuous local symmetry (gauge) transformations, forming the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • C. Chern–Simons theory
    Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
  • D. Schwinger model
    The Schwinger model is a two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics theory that serves as a exactly solvable toy model for studying phenomena like confinement, chiral symmetry breaking, and anomalies in quantum field theory.
  • E. Einstein–Yang–Mills equations
    The Einstein–Yang–Mills equations are the coupled field equations that describe how non-abelian gauge fields (such as those in Yang–Mills theory) interact with and curve spacetime within the framework of general relativity.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69c6995703e0819081de77361b602e78 elicitation completed
NER batch_69c701fd18d88190888144a7d0f228d9 ner completed
NED1 batch_69c8a240057081908826a5371ef5215b ned_source_triple completed
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4:01 p.m.