Triple

T7666081
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject NP-completeness E173625 entity
Predicate centralReference P16051 FINISHED
Object Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity
"Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
E679896 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity | Statement: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity
Context triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
  • A. P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
    "P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
  • B. Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds
    Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds are foundational results in circuit complexity theory that established superpolynomial lower bounds for constant-depth Boolean circuits (AC⁰), demonstrating inherent limitations of such circuits for computing certain functions.
  • C. Elements of the Theory of Computation
    Elements of the Theory of Computation is a foundational textbook that introduces the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying computer science, including automata, formal languages, and computability.
  • D. “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
    “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
  • E. "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
    "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity
Triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
Generated description
"Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity
Target entity description: "Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
  • A. P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
    "P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
  • B. Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds
    Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds are foundational results in circuit complexity theory that established superpolynomial lower bounds for constant-depth Boolean circuits (AC⁰), demonstrating inherent limitations of such circuits for computing certain functions.
  • C. Elements of the Theory of Computation
    Elements of the Theory of Computation is a foundational textbook that introduces the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying computer science, including automata, formal languages, and computability.
  • D. “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
    “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
  • E. "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
    "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c699562484819086752091e3164a27 completed March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c708affd048190bf21bcc1796a3c39 completed March 27, 2026, 10:46 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c89b1fdccc8190a69b4745dc3b2347 completed March 29, 2026, 3:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c89d513af88190b453bf3bf1adcbfb completed March 29, 2026, 3:32 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c89ddd81a88190924d41529e94b06b completed March 29, 2026, 3:34 a.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4 p.m.