Triple
T7666081
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | NP-completeness |
E173625
|
entity |
| Predicate | centralReference |
P16051
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity
"Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
|
E679896
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity | Statement: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity Context triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
-
A.
P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
"P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
-
B.
Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds
Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds are foundational results in circuit complexity theory that established superpolynomial lower bounds for constant-depth Boolean circuits (AC⁰), demonstrating inherent limitations of such circuits for computing certain functions.
-
C.
Elements of the Theory of Computation
Elements of the Theory of Computation is a foundational textbook that introduces the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying computer science, including automata, formal languages, and computability.
-
D.
“Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
“Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
-
E.
"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity Triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity]
Generated description
"Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity Target entity description: "Papadimitriou: Computational Complexity" is a widely used graduate-level textbook that systematically develops the theory of computational complexity, including classes like P and NP and the foundations of NP-completeness.
-
A.
P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
"P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
-
B.
Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds
Furst–Saxe–Sipser lower bounds are foundational results in circuit complexity theory that established superpolynomial lower bounds for constant-depth Boolean circuits (AC⁰), demonstrating inherent limitations of such circuits for computing certain functions.
-
C.
Elements of the Theory of Computation
Elements of the Theory of Computation is a foundational textbook that introduces the mathematical and theoretical principles underlying computer science, including automata, formal languages, and computability.
-
D.
“Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
“Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
-
E.
"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
"Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c699562484819086752091e3164a27 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c708affd048190bf21bcc1796a3c39 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 10:46 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c89b1fdccc8190a69b4745dc3b2347 |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:23 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c89d513af88190b453bf3bf1adcbfb |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:32 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c89ddd81a88190924d41529e94b06b |
completed | March 29, 2026, 3:34 a.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4 p.m.