Triple

T7666079
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject NP-completeness E173625 entity
Predicate centralReference P16051 FINISHED
Object Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability
"Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability" is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that systematically develops the theory of NP-completeness and computational complexity.
E679895 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability | Statement: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability
Context triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability]
  • A. "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
    "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
  • B. P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
    "P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
  • C. “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
    “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
  • D. Cook–Levin theorem
    The Cook–Levin theorem is a foundational result in computational complexity theory that established the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) as the first NP-complete problem, launching the theory of NP-completeness.
  • E. NP-completeness
    NP-completeness is a central concept in computational complexity theory that classifies decision problems believed to be among the hardest in NP, such that a polynomial-time solution to any one of them would yield polynomial-time solutions to all problems in NP.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability
Triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability]
Generated description
"Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability" is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that systematically develops the theory of NP-completeness and computational complexity.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability
Target entity description: "Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability" is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that systematically develops the theory of NP-completeness and computational complexity.
  • A. "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972)
    "Reducibility Among Combinatorial Problems" (1972) is a landmark paper by Richard Karp that introduced NP-completeness to a broad audience by showing polynomial-time reductions among 21 classic combinatorial decision problems.
  • B. P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory
    "P, NP, and NP-Completeness: The Basics of Complexity Theory" is a foundational textbook by Oded Goldreich that introduces the core concepts, problems, and techniques of computational complexity theory, with a focus on the classes P, NP, and NP-complete problems.
  • C. “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems”
    “Inapproximability results for SAT and other problems” is a seminal theoretical computer science paper by Johan Håstad that establishes tight hardness-of-approximation bounds for satisfiability and related optimization problems using probabilistically checkable proofs.
  • D. Cook–Levin theorem
    The Cook–Levin theorem is a foundational result in computational complexity theory that established the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) as the first NP-complete problem, launching the theory of NP-completeness.
  • E. NP-completeness
    NP-completeness is a central concept in computational complexity theory that classifies decision problems believed to be among the hardest in NP, such that a polynomial-time solution to any one of them would yield polynomial-time solutions to all problems in NP.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: centralReference
Context triple: [NP-completeness, centralReference, Garey and Johnson: Computers and Intractability]
  • A. primaryReference chosen
    Indicates that one entity serves as the main or authoritative source of information or citation for another entity.
  • B. centralIn
    Indicates that one entity occupies a central or most important position within another entity, context, or structure.
  • C. centralBranch
    Indicates that one entity functions as the main or primary branch within a larger organizational or structural system relative to another entity.
  • D. primaryReferent
    Indicates that one entity is the main or most salient referent associated with another entity among potentially multiple candidates.
  • E. centralLocation
    Indicates that one entity serves as the primary or central place associated with another entity.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c699562484819086752091e3164a27 completed March 27, 2026, 2:51 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c7063dab1881909598b04999b8b690 completed March 27, 2026, 10:35 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c89b1fdccc8190a69b4745dc3b2347 completed March 29, 2026, 3:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c89d513af88190b453bf3bf1adcbfb completed March 29, 2026, 3:32 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c89ddd81a88190924d41529e94b06b completed March 29, 2026, 3:34 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69c7015f7430819099d3ea2781b7cee2 completed March 27, 2026, 10:14 p.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 4 p.m.