Triple
T7544184
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Ubangian |
E178353
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasReferenceWork |
P48731
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview
Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview is a scholarly survey that provides a comprehensive classification and discussion of the Niger–Congo language family, including its major branches such as Ubangian.
|
E672217
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview | Statement: [Ubangian, hasReferenceWork, Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview Context triple: [Ubangian, hasReferenceWork, Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview]
-
A.
Guthrie classification of Niger-Congo
The Guthrie classification of Niger-Congo is a historical linguistic framework that organizes the Niger-Congo language family into geographic and typological groups, widely used as a reference system despite later revisions and critiques.
-
B.
Proto-Niger–Congo
Proto-Niger–Congo is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Niger–Congo language family, from which many languages across sub-Saharan Africa are believed to have descended.
-
C.
Kwa branch of Niger–Congo
The Kwa branch of Niger–Congo is a major subgroup of West African languages spoken primarily in southern Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, and Benin, known for its tonal systems and rich noun-class and aspectual distinctions.
-
D.
Benue–Congo languages
The Benue–Congo languages are a large and diverse branch of African languages that include the widespread Bantu family and are spoken across much of sub-Saharan Africa.
-
E.
Proto–Benue–Congo language
Proto–Benue–Congo language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Benue–Congo branch of the Niger–Congo language family, hypothesized through comparative linguistic methods.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview Triple: [Ubangian, hasReferenceWork, Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview]
Generated description
Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview is a scholarly survey that provides a comprehensive classification and discussion of the Niger–Congo language family, including its major branches such as Ubangian.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview Target entity description: Williamson and Blench 2000 Niger–Congo overview is a scholarly survey that provides a comprehensive classification and discussion of the Niger–Congo language family, including its major branches such as Ubangian.
-
A.
Guthrie classification of Niger-Congo
The Guthrie classification of Niger-Congo is a historical linguistic framework that organizes the Niger-Congo language family into geographic and typological groups, widely used as a reference system despite later revisions and critiques.
-
B.
Proto-Niger–Congo
Proto-Niger–Congo is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Niger–Congo language family, from which many languages across sub-Saharan Africa are believed to have descended.
-
C.
Kwa branch of Niger–Congo
The Kwa branch of Niger–Congo is a major subgroup of West African languages spoken primarily in southern Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, and Benin, known for its tonal systems and rich noun-class and aspectual distinctions.
-
D.
Benue–Congo languages
The Benue–Congo languages are a large and diverse branch of African languages that include the widespread Bantu family and are spoken across much of sub-Saharan Africa.
-
E.
Proto–Benue–Congo language
Proto–Benue–Congo language is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Benue–Congo branch of the Niger–Congo language family, hypothesized through comparative linguistic methods.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c69f2be3888190a6667a27f8f195e9 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 3:15 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c6f896a27481908b2e120208f268e7 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 9:37 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c84f21aa5c819085e8d1ecbd9b01e3 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 9:58 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c852da8c048190b2a0696f2e7b65c1 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 10:14 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c853958b748190b4ecc9797389cc85 |
completed | March 28, 2026, 10:17 p.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 3:48 p.m.