Triple
T7455580
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Herbert B. Callen |
E172113
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object | fluctuation–dissipation theorem |
E31542
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: fluctuation–dissipation theorem | Statement: [Herbert B. Callen, knownFor, fluctuation–dissipation theorem]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: fluctuation–dissipation theorem Context triple: [Herbert B. Callen, knownFor, fluctuation–dissipation theorem]
-
A.
fluctuation–dissipation theorem
chosen
The fluctuation–dissipation theorem is a fundamental principle in statistical physics that links the random microscopic fluctuations in a system at thermal equilibrium to its macroscopic response to external perturbations.
-
B.
Einstein–Smoluchowski relation
The Einstein–Smoluchowski relation is a fundamental equation in statistical physics that links the diffusion coefficient of particles undergoing Brownian motion to their mobility and thermal energy.
-
C.
Onsager reciprocal relations
Onsager reciprocal relations are fundamental symmetry relations in nonequilibrium thermodynamics that link pairs of coupled fluxes and forces, showing that certain transport coefficients are equal.
-
D.
Onsager–Machlup function
The Onsager–Machlup function is a functional in stochastic process theory that characterizes the most probable paths of fluctuating systems, playing a key role in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and large deviation theory.
-
E.
dynamics of nonequilibrium systems
Dynamics of nonequilibrium systems is the field of physics that studies how physical systems evolve and organize over time when they are driven away from thermal or mechanical equilibrium.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c68a66554c8190add75c65942c0317 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 1:47 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c6f3af58dc819093fb0482482779a3 |
completed | March 27, 2026, 9:16 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c827c39a848190bc275468362ce3bc |
completed | March 28, 2026, 7:10 p.m. |
Created at: March 27, 2026, 3:15 p.m.