Triple

T7353199
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Ian Hacking E169555 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object The Emergence of Probability
The Emergence of Probability is a seminal philosophical and historical study by Ian Hacking that traces how modern concepts of probability and statistical reasoning developed from the 16th to the 19th century.
 E659163 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Emergence of Probability | Statement: [Ian Hacking, notableWork, The Emergence of Probability]

Disambiguation candidates (2 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: The Emergence of Probability
Context triple: [Ian Hacking, notableWork, The Emergence of Probability]
  • A. The Theory of Probability
    The Theory of Probability is Hans Reichenbach’s influential philosophical and mathematical treatise that helped establish a rigorous, frequency-based interpretation of probability within the logical empiricist tradition.
  • B. The Logic of Chance
    The Logic of Chance is an influential 1866 book by John Venn that helped establish the frequency interpretation of probability and advanced the philosophical foundations of statistical reasoning.
  • C. A Treatise on Probability
    A Treatise on Probability is John Maynard Keynes’s influential 1921 work that develops a logical and philosophical theory of probability, challenging classical and frequency-based interpretations.
  • D. Foundations of the Theory of Probability
    Foundations of the Theory of Probability is a landmark 1933 monograph that rigorously established modern probability theory on an axiomatic measure-theoretic basis.
  • E. Logical Foundations of Probability
    Logical Foundations of Probability is a seminal philosophical work by Rudolf Carnap that develops a rigorous logical and formal account of probability and inductive reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: The Emergence of Probability
Target entity description: The Emergence of Probability is a seminal philosophical and historical study by Ian Hacking that traces how modern concepts of probability and statistical reasoning developed from the 16th to the 19th century.
  • A. The Theory of Probability
    The Theory of Probability is Hans Reichenbach’s influential philosophical and mathematical treatise that helped establish a rigorous, frequency-based interpretation of probability within the logical empiricist tradition.
  • B. The Logic of Chance
    The Logic of Chance is an influential 1866 book by John Venn that helped establish the frequency interpretation of probability and advanced the philosophical foundations of statistical reasoning.
  • C. A Treatise on Probability
    A Treatise on Probability is John Maynard Keynes’s influential 1921 work that develops a logical and philosophical theory of probability, challenging classical and frequency-based interpretations.
  • D. Foundations of the Theory of Probability
    Foundations of the Theory of Probability is a landmark 1933 monograph that rigorously established modern probability theory on an axiomatic measure-theoretic basis.
  • E. Logical Foundations of Probability
    Logical Foundations of Probability is a seminal philosophical work by Rudolf Carnap that develops a rigorous logical and formal account of probability and inductive reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen

How the object was described

The object's one-sentence description was generated by prompting gpt-5.1 with the object name and this triple as context.

Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Emergence of Probability
Triple: [Ian Hacking, notableWork, The Emergence of Probability]
Generated description
The Emergence of Probability is a seminal philosophical and historical study by Ian Hacking that traces how modern concepts of probability and statistical reasoning developed from the 16th to the 19th century.

Provenance (5 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69c68a5878888190968ce4d04db8d69f elicitation completed
NER batch_69c6f10d3ef88190b3a0763d80b1e726 ner completed
NED1 batch_69c7fa9dfbac8190993c866cda169633 ned_source_triple completed
NED2 batch_69c7fc2f66248190bac3fa24d530b938 ned_description completed
NEDg batch_69c7fb9f863c8190bedb3074664ee146 nedg completed
Created at: March 27, 2026, 3:05 p.m.