Triple

T7287725
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Martin Gutzwiller E163916 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Gutzwiller trace formula
The Gutzwiller trace formula is a semiclassical tool in quantum chaos that links the quantum energy spectrum of a system to the properties of its classical periodic orbits.
E653526 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gutzwiller trace formula | Statement: [Martin Gutzwiller, knownFor, Gutzwiller trace formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gutzwiller trace formula
Context triple: [Martin Gutzwiller, knownFor, Gutzwiller trace formula]
  • A. Gutzwiller approximation
    The Gutzwiller approximation is a variational method in condensed matter physics used to study strongly correlated electron systems, particularly metal–insulator (Mott) transitions in lattice models like the Hubbard model.
  • B. Wigner surmise
    The Wigner surmise is an approximate formula in random matrix theory that describes the statistical distribution of spacings between neighboring energy levels in complex quantum systems.
  • C. Selberg trace formula
    The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
  • D. Gaussian symplectic ensemble
    The Gaussian symplectic ensemble is a random matrix ensemble of self-dual quaternionic Hermitian matrices used in random matrix theory to model systems with time-reversal symmetry and strong spin–orbit coupling.
  • E. Hilbert–Pólya conjecture
    The Hilbert–Pólya conjecture is an unproven idea in number theory suggesting that the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function correspond to eigenvalues of a suitable self-adjoint operator, offering a potential spectral approach to proving the Riemann hypothesis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Gutzwiller trace formula
Triple: [Martin Gutzwiller, knownFor, Gutzwiller trace formula]
Generated description
The Gutzwiller trace formula is a semiclassical tool in quantum chaos that links the quantum energy spectrum of a system to the properties of its classical periodic orbits.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gutzwiller trace formula
Target entity description: The Gutzwiller trace formula is a semiclassical tool in quantum chaos that links the quantum energy spectrum of a system to the properties of its classical periodic orbits.
  • A. Gutzwiller approximation
    The Gutzwiller approximation is a variational method in condensed matter physics used to study strongly correlated electron systems, particularly metal–insulator (Mott) transitions in lattice models like the Hubbard model.
  • B. Wigner surmise
    The Wigner surmise is an approximate formula in random matrix theory that describes the statistical distribution of spacings between neighboring energy levels in complex quantum systems.
  • C. Selberg trace formula
    The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
  • D. Gaussian symplectic ensemble
    The Gaussian symplectic ensemble is a random matrix ensemble of self-dual quaternionic Hermitian matrices used in random matrix theory to model systems with time-reversal symmetry and strong spin–orbit coupling.
  • E. Hilbert–Pólya conjecture
    The Hilbert–Pólya conjecture is an unproven idea in number theory suggesting that the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function correspond to eigenvalues of a suitable self-adjoint operator, offering a potential spectral approach to proving the Riemann hypothesis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c6886093b88190a254b1ce6db8bae7 completed March 27, 2026, 1:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c6eb6a73fc8190ae5ce81fd3e46d87 completed March 27, 2026, 8:41 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c7db42c8d48190a548c4242b07fb40 completed March 28, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c7dc794bec819094d848497bd11fc1 completed March 28, 2026, 1:49 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c7dd8117f881908c982c33b3f0e71a completed March 28, 2026, 1:54 p.m.
Created at: March 27, 2026, 2:59 p.m.