Triple

T677843
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Yoshio Nishina E13116 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Klein–Nishina formula
The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
E83430 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Klein–Nishina formula | Statement: [Yoshio Nishina, notableWork, Klein–Nishina formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Klein–Nishina formula
Context triple: [Yoshio Nishina, notableWork, Klein–Nishina formula]
  • A. Bethe formula for stopping power
    The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies
    The Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies is the classical approximation for blackbody radiation that accurately describes the long-wavelength, low-energy limit of Planck’s radiation spectrum.
  • D. Einstein coefficients
    Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
  • E. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Klein–Nishina formula
Triple: [Yoshio Nishina, notableWork, Klein–Nishina formula]
Generated description
The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Klein–Nishina formula
Target entity description: The Klein–Nishina formula is a fundamental result in quantum electrodynamics that gives the differential cross section for Compton scattering of photons by free electrons, incorporating relativistic and quantum effects.
  • A. Bethe formula for stopping power
    The Bethe formula for stopping power is a fundamental equation in particle physics that quantifies the energy loss of fast charged particles as they pass through matter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies
    The Rayleigh–Jeans law at low frequencies is the classical approximation for blackbody radiation that accurately describes the long-wavelength, low-energy limit of Planck’s radiation spectrum.
  • D. Einstein coefficients
    Einstein coefficients are parameters in quantum theory that quantify the probabilities of absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated emission of radiation by atoms or molecules.
  • E. Stark effect
    The Stark effect is the splitting and shifting of atomic or molecular spectral lines caused by an external electric field.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a4933d3bf88190972041cd8cf143b9 completed March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4a04c89148190b6330e86697bb37b completed March 1, 2026, 8:23 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a5c3a38b188190802394a35c83b10b completed March 2, 2026, 5:06 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a5c4482584819083b6b84ae8bf9b26 completed March 2, 2026, 5:09 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a5cd4023288190b35ecf295eb58dc1 completed March 2, 2026, 5:47 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:36 p.m.