Triple

T605534
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Max Born E11585 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Born approximation in scattering theory
The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
E75606 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Born approximation in scattering theory | Statement: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born approximation in scattering theory
Context triple: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
  • A. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • B. Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
    Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. S-matrix
    The S-matrix (scattering matrix) is a fundamental construct in quantum field theory that encodes the probabilities for transitions between initial and final particle states in scattering processes.
  • E. Faddeev’s axioms
    Faddeev’s axioms are a set of conditions characterizing Shannon entropy in information theory, providing an alternative but equivalent axiomatization to the Shannon–Khinchin framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Born approximation in scattering theory
Triple: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
Generated description
The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born approximation in scattering theory
Target entity description: The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
  • A. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • B. Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
    Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. S-matrix
    The S-matrix (scattering matrix) is a fundamental construct in quantum field theory that encodes the probabilities for transitions between initial and final particle states in scattering processes.
  • E. Faddeev’s axioms
    Faddeev’s axioms are a set of conditions characterizing Shannon entropy in information theory, providing an alternative but equivalent axiomatization to the Shannon–Khinchin framework.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a4932779b881908688590d59c71900 completed March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a49dc7d88c81909fe493ac57fd784e completed March 1, 2026, 8:12 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a5238addd48190a1f4f471715fccea completed March 2, 2026, 5:43 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a523e23f3c8190bfb414847e01a4ab completed March 2, 2026, 5:45 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a5245ef7e48190b811fb9952ca5870 completed March 2, 2026, 5:47 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:35 p.m.