Triple
T605534
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Max Born |
E11585
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Born approximation in scattering theory
The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
|
E75606
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Born approximation in scattering theory | Statement: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born approximation in scattering theory Context triple: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
-
A.
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
-
B.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
S-matrix
The S-matrix (scattering matrix) is a fundamental construct in quantum field theory that encodes the probabilities for transitions between initial and final particle states in scattering processes.
-
E.
Faddeev’s axioms
Faddeev’s axioms are a set of conditions characterizing Shannon entropy in information theory, providing an alternative but equivalent axiomatization to the Shannon–Khinchin framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Born approximation in scattering theory Triple: [Max Born, knownFor, Born approximation in scattering theory]
Generated description
The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born approximation in scattering theory Target entity description: The Born approximation in scattering theory is a perturbative method used in quantum mechanics to approximate scattering amplitudes by treating the interaction potential as a small perturbation to a free-particle wave.
-
A.
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
-
B.
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
S-matrix
The S-matrix (scattering matrix) is a fundamental construct in quantum field theory that encodes the probabilities for transitions between initial and final particle states in scattering processes.
-
E.
Faddeev’s axioms
Faddeev’s axioms are a set of conditions characterizing Shannon entropy in information theory, providing an alternative but equivalent axiomatization to the Shannon–Khinchin framework.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a4932779b881908688590d59c71900 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a49dc7d88c81909fe493ac57fd784e |
completed | March 1, 2026, 8:12 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a5238addd48190a1f4f471715fccea |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:43 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a523e23f3c8190bfb414847e01a4ab |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:45 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a5245ef7e48190b811fb9952ca5870 |
completed | March 2, 2026, 5:47 a.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:35 p.m.