Triple

T6023116

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	Peter Naur	`E134109`	entity
Predicate	notableWork	`P4`	FINISHED
Object	“Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function” “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function” is a foundational computer science text by Peter Naur that systematically formalizes the structure, semantics, and practical use of programming languages.	`E563544`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function” | Statement: [Peter Naur, notableWork, “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”
Context triple: [Peter Naur, notableWork, “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”]

A. The Next 700 Programming Languages
"The Next 700 Programming Languages" is a seminal 1966 paper by Peter J. Landin that introduced key concepts in the theory and design of programming languages, including the ISWIM language and the use of lambda calculus as a foundation for language semantics.
B. Programming Language Design and Implementation
Programming Language Design and Implementation is a premier annual academic conference focusing on research in programming languages and compilers, sponsored by ACM SIGPLAN.
C. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
"Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" is a classic computer science textbook by Niklaus Wirth that systematically teaches how combining appropriate data structures with algorithms leads to effective and efficient programs.
D. Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)
Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) refers to Tobias Nipkow’s influential work advancing the theory and mechanization of type systems and programming language semantics, particularly through formal verification and theorem proving.
E. The Logic of Computer Programming
The Logic of Computer Programming is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that rigorously develops methods for specifying, proving, and reasoning about the correctness of computer programs.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”
Triple: [Peter Naur, notableWork, “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”]

Generated description

“Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function” is a foundational computer science text by Peter Naur that systematically formalizes the structure, semantics, and practical use of programming languages.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function”
Target entity description: “Programming Languages, Their Definition and Function” is a foundational computer science text by Peter Naur that systematically formalizes the structure, semantics, and practical use of programming languages.

A. The Next 700 Programming Languages
"The Next 700 Programming Languages" is a seminal 1966 paper by Peter J. Landin that introduced key concepts in the theory and design of programming languages, including the ISWIM language and the use of lambda calculus as a foundation for language semantics.
B. Programming Language Design and Implementation
Programming Language Design and Implementation is a premier annual academic conference focusing on research in programming languages and compilers, sponsored by ACM SIGPLAN.
C. Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs
"Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" is a classic computer science textbook by Niklaus Wirth that systematically teaches how combining appropriate data structures with algorithms leads to effective and efficient programs.
D. Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)
Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) refers to Tobias Nipkow’s influential work advancing the theory and mechanization of type systems and programming language semantics, particularly through formal verification and theorem proving.
E. The Logic of Computer Programming
The Logic of Computer Programming is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that rigorously develops methods for specifying, proving, and reasoning about the correctness of computer programs.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69c008742a5c8190b9cb9c2787a3d8b3`	completed	March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69c04fbd7978819085d683578bc62aa3`	completed	March 22, 2026, 8:23 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69c11371ceb88190b0c2d4218ed0327a`	completed	March 23, 2026, 10:18 a.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69c11400ddf08190b99943ada6ff2703`	completed	March 23, 2026, 10:20 a.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69c1147e55fc81909225e1fe9e3eeec4`	completed	March 23, 2026, 10:22 a.m.

Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:07 p.m.