Triple
T5991877
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Svante Arrhenius |
E133368
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Arrhenius acid–base theory
Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
|
E562308
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arrhenius acid–base theory | Statement: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory Context triple: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
-
A.
Debye–Hückel theory
Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
-
B.
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
-
C.
Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
-
D.
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
-
E.
Essai de statique chimique
Essai de statique chimique is an influential late-18th-century work by Claude-Louis Berthollet that helped establish the foundations of chemical equilibrium and modern chemical theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory Triple: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
Generated description
Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory Target entity description: Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
-
A.
Debye–Hückel theory
Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
-
B.
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
-
C.
Butler–Volmer equation
The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
-
D.
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
-
E.
Essai de statique chimique
Essai de statique chimique is an influential late-18th-century work by Claude-Louis Berthollet that helped establish the foundations of chemical equilibrium and modern chemical theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c0087010d081908bb8142342d63330 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c04e8fd030819095a4f3b3d425ec21 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 8:18 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c10861c0bc8190b6290d7363f4264a |
completed | March 23, 2026, 9:31 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c10c44b6408190be8bc1d96e0db2e4 |
completed | March 23, 2026, 9:47 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c10cd7c1c8819085ec8bee7f42afc4 |
completed | March 23, 2026, 9:50 a.m. |
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:05 p.m.