Triple

T5991877
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Svante Arrhenius E133368 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Arrhenius acid–base theory
Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
E562308 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arrhenius acid–base theory | Statement: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory
Context triple: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
  • A. Debye–Hückel theory
    Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
  • B. On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
    On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
  • C. Butler–Volmer equation
    The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
  • D. Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
    Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
  • E. Essai de statique chimique
    Essai de statique chimique is an influential late-18th-century work by Claude-Louis Berthollet that helped establish the foundations of chemical equilibrium and modern chemical theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory
Triple: [Svante Arrhenius, knownFor, Arrhenius acid–base theory]
Generated description
Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arrhenius acid–base theory
Target entity description: Arrhenius acid–base theory is a classical chemical concept that defines acids as substances that increase hydrogen ion concentration and bases as substances that increase hydroxide ion concentration in aqueous solution.
  • A. Debye–Hückel theory
    Debye–Hückel theory is a foundational model in physical chemistry that explains how electrostatic interactions between ions in solution affect properties such as activity coefficients and equilibrium behavior in electrolytes.
  • B. On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances
    On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances is a foundational 1876–1878 treatise in thermodynamics by Josiah Willard Gibbs that introduced key concepts of chemical thermodynamics and phase equilibrium, including the Gibbs free energy.
  • C. Butler–Volmer equation
    The Butler–Volmer equation is a fundamental relation in electrochemistry that describes how the rate of an electrode reaction (current density) depends on the electrode potential and reaction kinetics.
  • D. Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie
    Wilhelm Ostwalds Annalen der Naturphilosophie was an early 20th-century German philosophical journal, founded by chemist and philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, that focused on natural philosophy and the foundations of science.
  • E. Essai de statique chimique
    Essai de statique chimique is an influential late-18th-century work by Claude-Louis Berthollet that helped establish the foundations of chemical equilibrium and modern chemical theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c0087010d081908bb8142342d63330 completed March 22, 2026, 3:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c04e8fd030819095a4f3b3d425ec21 completed March 22, 2026, 8:18 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c10861c0bc8190b6290d7363f4264a completed March 23, 2026, 9:31 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c10c44b6408190be8bc1d96e0db2e4 completed March 23, 2026, 9:47 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c10cd7c1c8819085ec8bee7f42afc4 completed March 23, 2026, 9:50 a.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 4:05 p.m.