Triple

T5806032
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Khan Krum E128745 entity
Predicate predecessor P97 FINISHED
Object Kardam of Bulgaria
Kardam of Bulgaria was a late 8th–early 9th century Bulgarian ruler known for stabilizing the First Bulgarian Empire and successfully defending it against the Byzantine Empire.
E548595 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kardam of Bulgaria | Statement: [Khan Krum, predecessor, Kardam of Bulgaria]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kardam of Bulgaria
Context triple: [Khan Krum, predecessor, Kardam of Bulgaria]
  • A. Asparuh of Bulgaria
    Asparuh of Bulgaria was a 7th-century Bulgar khan who established the Bulgarian state in the Balkans and is regarded as the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire.
  • B. Tervel of Bulgaria
    Tervel of Bulgaria was an early medieval Bulgarian khan known for strengthening the First Bulgarian Empire and aiding the Byzantine Empire, notably in repelling the Arab siege of Constantinople in 717–718.
  • C. Onogur Bulgaria
    Onogur Bulgaria was an early medieval Bulgar state in Eastern Europe that preceded and helped lay the foundations for the later First Bulgarian Empire.
  • D. Kardiani
    Kardiani is a traditional hillside village on the Greek island of Tinos, known for its stone architecture, lush surroundings, and panoramic views over the Aegean Sea.
  • E. Neofit Rilski
    Neofit Rilski was a prominent 19th-century Bulgarian monk, educator, and linguist who played a crucial role in modernizing Bulgarian education and language during the National Revival period.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kardam of Bulgaria
Triple: [Khan Krum, predecessor, Kardam of Bulgaria]
Generated description
Kardam of Bulgaria was a late 8th–early 9th century Bulgarian ruler known for stabilizing the First Bulgarian Empire and successfully defending it against the Byzantine Empire.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kardam of Bulgaria
Target entity description: Kardam of Bulgaria was a late 8th–early 9th century Bulgarian ruler known for stabilizing the First Bulgarian Empire and successfully defending it against the Byzantine Empire.
  • A. Asparuh of Bulgaria
    Asparuh of Bulgaria was a 7th-century Bulgar khan who established the Bulgarian state in the Balkans and is regarded as the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire.
  • B. Tervel of Bulgaria
    Tervel of Bulgaria was an early medieval Bulgarian khan known for strengthening the First Bulgarian Empire and aiding the Byzantine Empire, notably in repelling the Arab siege of Constantinople in 717–718.
  • C. Onogur Bulgaria
    Onogur Bulgaria was an early medieval Bulgar state in Eastern Europe that preceded and helped lay the foundations for the later First Bulgarian Empire.
  • D. Kardiani
    Kardiani is a traditional hillside village on the Greek island of Tinos, known for its stone architecture, lush surroundings, and panoramic views over the Aegean Sea.
  • E. Neofit Rilski
    Neofit Rilski was a prominent 19th-century Bulgarian monk, educator, and linguist who played a crucial role in modernizing Bulgarian education and language during the National Revival period.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c00846a0d881909e46841f8e156b64 completed March 22, 2026, 3:18 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c02b15d8108190b434da42631c4e0c completed March 22, 2026, 5:47 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c0983a0b648190ba2c76434d3b1b58 completed March 23, 2026, 1:32 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c099c8c9448190a3847ac984123d7a completed March 23, 2026, 1:39 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c09a458c488190b9e2716fc47cf601 completed March 23, 2026, 1:41 a.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:52 p.m.