Triple
T5739024
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Election Commission of India |
E126567
|
entity |
| Predicate | uses |
P98
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail
Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) is an election technology that produces a physical paper record of each vote cast on an electronic voting machine, allowing voters to verify their choices and enabling independent audits of election results.
|
E545554
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail | Statement: [Election Commission of India, uses, Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail Context triple: [Election Commission of India, uses, Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail]
-
A.
ThreeBallot voting system
The ThreeBallot voting system is an end-to-end auditable voting scheme proposed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest that aims to provide voter verifiability and privacy without relying on complex cryptographic mechanisms.
-
B.
Bimodal Voter Accreditation System
The Bimodal Voter Accreditation System is a Nigerian election technology that uses both fingerprint and facial recognition to verify voters’ identities and curb electoral fraud.
-
C.
USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop
The USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop is a research-focused conference forum dedicated to the security, reliability, and integrity of electronic voting systems and election technologies.
-
D.
Helios voting system
The Helios voting system is an open-source, web-based end-to-end verifiable electronic voting platform designed for secure, transparent, and auditable elections, often used in academic and organizational settings.
-
E.
Verifiable Random Function
A Verifiable Random Function (VRF) is a cryptographic primitive that produces pseudo-random outputs along with proofs that anyone can verify to confirm the outputs were correctly generated from a given input and secret key.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail Triple: [Election Commission of India, uses, Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail]
Generated description
Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) is an election technology that produces a physical paper record of each vote cast on an electronic voting machine, allowing voters to verify their choices and enabling independent audits of election results.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail Target entity description: Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) is an election technology that produces a physical paper record of each vote cast on an electronic voting machine, allowing voters to verify their choices and enabling independent audits of election results.
-
A.
ThreeBallot voting system
The ThreeBallot voting system is an end-to-end auditable voting scheme proposed by cryptographer Ronald L. Rivest that aims to provide voter verifiability and privacy without relying on complex cryptographic mechanisms.
-
B.
Bimodal Voter Accreditation System
The Bimodal Voter Accreditation System is a Nigerian election technology that uses both fingerprint and facial recognition to verify voters’ identities and curb electoral fraud.
-
C.
USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop
The USENIX/ACCURATE Electronic Voting Technology Workshop is a research-focused conference forum dedicated to the security, reliability, and integrity of electronic voting systems and election technologies.
-
D.
Helios voting system
The Helios voting system is an open-source, web-based end-to-end verifiable electronic voting platform designed for secure, transparent, and auditable elections, often used in academic and organizational settings.
-
E.
Verifiable Random Function
A Verifiable Random Function (VRF) is a cryptographic primitive that produces pseudo-random outputs along with proofs that anyone can verify to confirm the outputs were correctly generated from a given input and secret key.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c0083082288190b7478cead6b5430a |
completed | March 22, 2026, 3:18 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c0255dc35c8190ab9ee5d269ce553a |
completed | March 22, 2026, 5:22 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c07e10e4d08190bfb8162d53cfb443 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 11:41 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69c08e02cfd88190b77a246001cbf681 |
completed | March 23, 2026, 12:49 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69c08eb783a08190840f22ed0128e7a9 |
completed | March 23, 2026, 12:52 a.m. |
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:48 p.m.