Triple
T5496854
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Sadi Carnot |
E144230
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableConcept |
P201
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Carnot efficiency |
E267412
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carnot efficiency | Statement: [Sadi Carnot, notableConcept, Carnot efficiency]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carnot efficiency Context triple: [Sadi Carnot, notableConcept, Carnot efficiency]
-
A.
Carnot efficiency
chosen
Carnot efficiency is the theoretical maximum efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperatures, serving as a fundamental limit in thermodynamics.
-
B.
Clausius theorem
The Clausius theorem is a fundamental result in thermodynamics that formalizes the second law by relating the cyclic integral of heat transfer over temperature to entropy, showing that this quantity is always less than or equal to zero for any cyclic process.
-
C.
Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics
The Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics asserts that it is impossible to construct a cyclic heat engine that converts all absorbed heat from a single reservoir entirely into work without any other effect.
-
D.
Carnot
Carnot is a French surname most famously associated with mathematician and physicist Sadi Carnot, a founder of thermodynamics, and several prominent political and military figures in France.
-
E.
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics is a mathematically rigorous restatement of the second law based on the inaccessibility of certain thermodynamic states, providing a foundation for the concept of entropy without relying on cyclic processes or heat engines.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69c008f5a2748190bce7a39aabf87a6d |
completed | March 22, 2026, 3:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69c01b8dcef08190a93d4627da65b36f |
completed | March 22, 2026, 4:40 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69c0278d78dc81908de78e2d3f5c71ed |
completed | March 22, 2026, 5:31 p.m. |
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:32 p.m.