Triple

T5496853
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Sadi Carnot E144230 entity
Predicate notableConcept P201 FINISHED
Object Carnot cycle
The Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that defines the maximum possible efficiency any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperature reservoirs.
E531749 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carnot cycle | Statement: [Sadi Carnot, notableConcept, Carnot cycle]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carnot cycle
Context triple: [Sadi Carnot, notableConcept, Carnot cycle]
  • A. Brayton cycle
    The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle commonly used in gas turbine engines, where air is compressed, mixed with fuel and combusted, and then expanded through a turbine to produce work.
  • B. Carnot efficiency
    Carnot efficiency is the theoretical maximum efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperatures, serving as a fundamental limit in thermodynamics.
  • C. Carnot
    Carnot is a French surname most famously associated with mathematician and physicist Sadi Carnot, a founder of thermodynamics, and several prominent political and military figures in France.
  • D. Clausius theorem
    The Clausius theorem is a fundamental result in thermodynamics that formalizes the second law by relating the cyclic integral of heat transfer over temperature to entropy, showing that this quantity is always less than or equal to zero for any cyclic process.
  • E. Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics
    The Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics asserts that it is impossible to construct a cyclic heat engine that converts all absorbed heat from a single reservoir entirely into work without any other effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carnot cycle
Triple: [Sadi Carnot, notableConcept, Carnot cycle]
Generated description
The Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that defines the maximum possible efficiency any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperature reservoirs.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carnot cycle
Target entity description: The Carnot cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that defines the maximum possible efficiency any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperature reservoirs.
  • A. Brayton cycle
    The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle commonly used in gas turbine engines, where air is compressed, mixed with fuel and combusted, and then expanded through a turbine to produce work.
  • B. Carnot efficiency
    Carnot efficiency is the theoretical maximum efficiency that any heat engine can achieve when operating between two temperatures, serving as a fundamental limit in thermodynamics.
  • C. Carnot
    Carnot is a French surname most famously associated with mathematician and physicist Sadi Carnot, a founder of thermodynamics, and several prominent political and military figures in France.
  • D. Clausius theorem
    The Clausius theorem is a fundamental result in thermodynamics that formalizes the second law by relating the cyclic integral of heat transfer over temperature to entropy, showing that this quantity is always less than or equal to zero for any cyclic process.
  • E. Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics
    The Kelvin–Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics asserts that it is impossible to construct a cyclic heat engine that converts all absorbed heat from a single reservoir entirely into work without any other effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69c008f5a2748190bce7a39aabf87a6d completed March 22, 2026, 3:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69c01b8dcef08190a93d4627da65b36f completed March 22, 2026, 4:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69c0278d78dc81908de78e2d3f5c71ed completed March 22, 2026, 5:31 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69c03d15e8d48190b08d0903621fbdcb completed March 22, 2026, 7:03 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69c03daa883c8190a787c40965408132 completed March 22, 2026, 7:06 p.m.
Created at: March 22, 2026, 3:32 p.m.