Triple

T5465191
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Donald W. Loveland E122690 entity
Predicate authorOf P4244 FINISHED
Object "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"
"Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis" is a foundational textbook that presents the logical theory and algorithms underlying automated reasoning and theorem-proving systems in computer science and mathematical logic.
E523154 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis" | Statement: [Donald W. Loveland, authorOf, "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"
Context triple: [Donald W. Loveland, authorOf, "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"]
  • A. First-Order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving
    "First-Order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving" is a foundational textbook that systematically introduces first-order logic while presenting key methods and algorithms used in automated theorem proving.
  • B. Handbook of Automated Reasoning
    The "Handbook of Automated Reasoning" is a comprehensive reference work that surveys the theories, methods, and tools used in the field of automated theorem proving and formal reasoning in computer science and logic.
  • C. "The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures"
    "The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures" is Stephen Cook’s landmark 1971 paper that introduced the concept of NP-completeness and proved the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) to be NP-complete, laying the foundation for modern computational complexity theory.
  • D. Vampire automated theorem prover
    Vampire automated theorem prover is a high-performance first-order logic reasoning system widely used in automated deduction and formal verification research.
  • E. The Logic of Computer Programming
    The Logic of Computer Programming is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that rigorously develops methods for specifying, proving, and reasoning about the correctness of computer programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"
Triple: [Donald W. Loveland, authorOf, "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"]
Generated description
"Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis" is a foundational textbook that presents the logical theory and algorithms underlying automated reasoning and theorem-proving systems in computer science and mathematical logic.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis"
Target entity description: "Automated Theorem Proving: A Logical Basis" is a foundational textbook that presents the logical theory and algorithms underlying automated reasoning and theorem-proving systems in computer science and mathematical logic.
  • A. First-Order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving
    "First-Order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving" is a foundational textbook that systematically introduces first-order logic while presenting key methods and algorithms used in automated theorem proving.
  • B. Handbook of Automated Reasoning
    The "Handbook of Automated Reasoning" is a comprehensive reference work that surveys the theories, methods, and tools used in the field of automated theorem proving and formal reasoning in computer science and logic.
  • C. "The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures"
    "The Complexity of Theorem-Proving Procedures" is Stephen Cook’s landmark 1971 paper that introduced the concept of NP-completeness and proved the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) to be NP-complete, laying the foundation for modern computational complexity theory.
  • D. Vampire automated theorem prover
    Vampire automated theorem prover is a high-performance first-order logic reasoning system widely used in automated deduction and formal verification research.
  • E. The Logic of Computer Programming
    The Logic of Computer Programming is a foundational textbook in theoretical computer science that rigorously develops methods for specifying, proving, and reasoning about the correctness of computer programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69bd4643f16081908d7f29e08096115a completed March 20, 2026, 1:06 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69bd920590b481909b92091678ff1414 completed March 20, 2026, 6:29 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69bf488b64d081908163edfff6484f5c completed March 22, 2026, 1:40 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69bf49ed2e2081908642f700d97943e9 completed March 22, 2026, 1:46 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69bf4abbf2488190a30dd222d0de0470 completed March 22, 2026, 1:49 a.m.
Created at: March 20, 2026, 2:08 p.m.