Triple
T5410706
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Cosmicflows-2 data set |
E121004
|
entity |
| Predicate | includes |
P1393
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Tully-Fisher relation distances
Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
|
E517969
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Tully-Fisher relation distances | Statement: [Cosmicflows-2 data set, includes, Tully-Fisher relation distances]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tully-Fisher relation distances Context triple: [Cosmicflows-2 data set, includes, Tully-Fisher relation distances]
-
A.
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
-
B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
-
C.
Faber–Jackson relation
The Faber–Jackson relation is an empirical correlation in astronomy that links the luminosity of an elliptical galaxy to the velocity dispersion of its stars, providing a key tool for estimating galactic distances and masses.
-
D.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
E.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Tully-Fisher relation distances Triple: [Cosmicflows-2 data set, includes, Tully-Fisher relation distances]
Generated description
Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Tully-Fisher relation distances Target entity description: Tully-Fisher relation distances are galaxy distance measurements derived from the empirical correlation between a spiral galaxy’s luminosity and its rotational velocity.
-
A.
A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae
"A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae" is Edwin Hubble’s landmark 1929 paper that established the linear relationship between galaxies’ distances and their recessional velocities, providing the first strong evidence for the expanding universe.
-
B.
Faber–Jackson relation paper
The Faber–Jackson relation paper is a landmark astrophysics publication that established a correlation between the luminosity and stellar velocity dispersion of elliptical galaxies, providing key insights into their structure and evolution.
-
C.
Faber–Jackson relation
The Faber–Jackson relation is an empirical correlation in astronomy that links the luminosity of an elliptical galaxy to the velocity dispersion of its stars, providing a key tool for estimating galactic distances and masses.
-
D.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
E.
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69bd463a41cc8190b32ff5af2b96ca93 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 1:06 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69bd87985ee0819092a9a5cd6a948138 |
completed | March 20, 2026, 5:44 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69bf339e02dc8190bb2ca6e0a0ef4621 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:11 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69bf34b0e22c819091aefd30a5e5a13d |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:15 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69bf35442cf481908053d3645e6e9968 |
completed | March 22, 2026, 12:18 a.m. |
Created at: March 20, 2026, 2:05 p.m.