Triple

T5347075
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject RADIUS E124082 entity
Predicate canBeProtectedBy P957 FINISHED
Object IPsec E23863 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: IPsec | Statement: [RADIUS, canBeProtectedBy, IPsec]

Disambiguation candidates (2 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IPsec
Context triple: [RADIUS, canBeProtectedBy, IPsec]
  • A. IPsec chosen
    IPsec is a suite of protocols that provides secure, encrypted communication over IP networks by authenticating and protecting the integrity and confidentiality of data packets.
  • B. Encapsulating Security Payload
    Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) is a core IPsec protocol that provides confidentiality, integrity, and optional authentication for IP packets through encryption and encapsulation.
  • C. IKEv2
    IKEv2 is a modern key management and security association protocol used to establish and maintain secure VPN connections in IPsec-based networks.
  • D. RFC 2401
    RFC 2401 is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard that defines the Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol, forming the core specification for IPsec.
  • E. NAT-T
    NAT-T (NAT Traversal) is an IPsec extension that enables VPN traffic to pass through Network Address Translation devices by encapsulating IPsec packets in UDP.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: canBeProtectedBy
Context triple: [RADIUS, canBeProtectedBy, IPsec]
  • A. isProtectedBy
    Indicates that one entity provides protection, defense, or safeguarding for another entity.
  • B. isProtectedFor
    Indicates that one entity is safeguarded or preserved specifically for the benefit, use, or rights of another entity.
  • C. isProtectedFrom
    Indicates that one entity is safeguarded or shielded against harm, damage, or adverse effects caused by another entity or factor.
  • D. protectedBy chosen
    Indicates that one entity provides protection, defense, or safeguarding for another entity.
  • E. providesProtectionAgainst
    Indicates that one entity serves to guard, shield, or defend another entity from a specified harm, threat, or adverse effect.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (4 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69bd464be27081908807b40b75c1bbae elicitation completed
NER batch_69bd85ede7c481908347d557aa4d19ad ner completed
NED1 batch_69bf21cd34a08190857dd960c12fec0c ned_source_triple completed
PD batch_69bd845a62b081909782863865b257a9 pd completed
Created at: March 20, 2026, 2:01 p.m.